The role and nature of syntactic categories in language acquisition is unresolved. While many researchers assume that children have innate knowledge about syntactic categories which helps them to acquire syntax, others assume that children’s early syntactic theories are semantically based and learned. In this paper I will summarize evidence against both a syntactic and a semantic basis for chil...

The traditional view of phonological representation assumes that lexical representation is economical and free of redundancy and that a phoneme is represented as a combination of contrastive phonetic features. The traditional view, however, is challenged by the recent developments in phonological theories. In Optimality Theory, the distinction between contrastive vs. non-contrastive aspects of ...

The Delilah parser and generator for Dutch delivers three related levels of logical form: Stored Logical Form, Normal Logical Form and Flat Logical Form. SLF is produced by graph unification of attribute-value matrices as the value of a semantic feature. It is an underspecified level of semantic representation, as it does not spell out the exact scope of semantic operators like quantifiers, neg...

This paper argues for a two-level theory of semantics as opposed to a one-level theory, based on the example of the system of temporal and durationM connectives. Instead of identifying the semantics of lexical items and larger constituents with conceptual structures, the two-level theory assumes that there is an intra-linguistic level of abstract semantic representations distinct from the extra...

Dense correspondence across semantically related images has been extensively studied, but still faces two challenges: 1) large variations in appearance, scale and pose exist even for objects from the same category, 2) labeling pixel-level dense correspondences is labor intensive infeasible to scale. Most existing methods focus on designing various matching modules using fully-supervised ImageNe...

: In this paper, it is tried to explain the concept of representation and architectural representation through a qualitative methodology, approach its procedure for gradual creation in architecture and then according to scholars and to obtain the effect of this concept in the process of architectural facts the concepts are presented. In addition, it is referred to theories and practical texts b...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental representation of cognate and noncognate translation pairs in languages with different scripts to test the prediction of dual lexicon model (Gollan, Forster, & Frost, 1997). Two groups of Persian-speaking English language learners were tested on cognate and noncognate translation pairs in Persian-English and English-Persian directions with...