The combined effect of vertical shear and horizontal stretching leads to thin, sloping structures in tracer fields, whose vertical length scale is much smaller than their horizontal length scale. These structures are then vulnerable to vertical mixing processes. This effect needs to be taken into account when interpreting the horizontal structure of oceanic (and atmospheric) tracers and may exp...

Most models proposed to explain the disease-associated expansion of (CTG)n.(CAG)n and (CGG)n.(CCG)n trinucleotide repeats include the formation of slipped strand DNA structures during replication; however, physical evidence for these alternative DNA secondary structures has not been reported. Using cloned fragments from the myotonic dystrophy (DM) and fragile X syndrome (FRAXA) loci containing ...

The ERM proteins--ezrin, radixin, and moesin--occur in particular cortical cytoskeletal structures. Several lines of evidence suggest that they interact with both cytoskeletal elements and plasma membrane components. Here we described the properties of full-length and truncated radixin polypeptides expressed in transfected cells. In stable transfectants, exogenous full-length radixin behaves mu...

In this paper we enumerate k-noncrossing RNA pseudoknot structures with given minimum stack-length. We show that the numbers of k-noncrossing structures without isolated base pairs are significantly smaller than the number of all k-noncrossing structures. In particular we prove that the number of 3and 4-noncrossing RNA structures with stack-length ≥ 2 is for large n given by 311.2470 4! n(n−1)....

Although files with variable length records are very frequent in actual databases due to variable length fields, missing attribute values, multiple values of an attribute and compression, little has been reported in the literature about file structures appropriate for variable length records. In this paper we describe and analyze several overflow handling techniques for the case when records ar...

In this paper, firstly we specialise the exact GP schema theorem for one-point crossover to the case of linear structures of variable length, for example binary strings or programs with arity-1 primitives only. Secondly, we extend this to an exact schema theorem for GP with standard crossover applicable to the case of linear structures. Then we study, both mathematically and numerically, the sc...