Individual variation in nutritional status has direct implications for fitness and thus is crucial in shaping patterns of life-history variation. Nevertheless, it is difficult to measure in natural populations, especially in humans. Here, we used longitudinal data on individual life-histories and annual crop yield variation collected from pre-industrial Finnish populations experiencing natural ...

This article explores the pattern of early marriage in Africa. It focuses on the sub-Saharan region as an area with the highest rates of early marriage in the world. The harmful effects of early marriage are explored in terms of impact on the health, education and economic well-being of young girls. The paper outlines a framework for analyzing global, regional and local initiatives to curb earl...

INTRODUCTION One of the most important factors and determinants of mental health, emotional stability of couples and successful marriage is marital satisfaction, a state that in most cases, males and females are satisfied with each other and their marriage. This review was conducted to survey the effective factors on marital satisfaction in view of Iranian men and women. METHODS This systemat...

Since the 1990s, inter-provincial female migration for marriage has become important in central and eastern rural China. Using survey data from X County in rural Anhui Province, we explore the arrangement of inter-provincial marriages, as well as the characteristics of husbands and wives, marital satisfaction and marital stability for these marriages. We find that inter-provincial marriage is a...

Economists have for some time been aware that human beings reap financial benefits from marriage. Even after controlling for other factors, married individuals earn higher wages than single people (e.g. Chun and Lee (2001), Daniel (1995), Loh (1996), Reed and Harford (1989). There are gains, too, from economies of scale and specialisation within the family (Becker 1981). Yet economists are prob...

length of hospital stay (los) is a key indicator for hospital management. reducing hospital stay is a priority for all health systems. we aimed to determine the length of hospital stay following coronary artery bypass surgery (cabg) based on its clinical and non-clinical factors. a cross-sectional study of 649 consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery was conducted...

background: it is necessary to consider into hospital emergency services' quantity and quality in different aspects such as time-to-provider, left-without-treatment and length-of-stay. the aimof this research was to identify the effect of these factors on patient satisfaction in training hospitals. methods: in this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, the sample size was calculated...

introduction : it is clear that if the discharge process takes less time and the patient leaves the hospital bed earlier, the length of hospitalization, and consequently, the waiting time for admission decreases. therefore, the method of use of treatment facilities is somewhat improved. the hospital discharge process, from when the discharge authorization is issued until the patient leaves the ...

This article argues that marriage has undergone a process of deinstitutionalization—a weakening of the social norms that define partners’ behavior—over the past few decades. Examples are presented involving the increasing number and complexity of cohabiting unions and the emergence of same-sex marriage. Two transitions in the meaning of marriage that occurred in the United States during the 20t...

Are cohabiters different than married couples who cohabited before marriage? This study used the 2002 wave of the National Survey of Families and Households to determine how work behavior might differ for 4 relationship types: (a) cohabiters with uncertain marriage plans, (b) cohabiters with definite marriage plans, (c) premarital cohabiters who recently married, and (d) premarital cohabiters m...