Background Visceral leishmaniasis is an infecto-parasitarian disease caused by obligatory intracellular protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania, and might be lethal since there is no precocious diagnosis and proper treatment. Despite the considerable effort, there is no effective and safe vaccine for human use [1]. Genetically modified microorganisms are used industrially in general for prod...

Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania that affect millions of people worldwide. These diseases are caused by distinct Leishmania species, of which L. braziliensis, a New World representative of the Leishmania genus, has been the least studied. Although leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis induces a range of clinical manifestations ranging from mild ...

Resistance to murine leishmaniasis correlates with development of a CD4(+) T helper 1 (Th1)-predominant immune response. To determine whether immunostimulatory CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), known to promote a Th1 immune response, could provide protection from Leishmania infection, CpG-ODN and freeze-thawed (F/T) Leishmania major were coinjected intradermally into susceptible B...

Background: Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays an important role in resistance against leishmaniasis. Leishmanin test (Montenegro skin test) is a method in evaluation of immune system reaction against cutaneous leishmaniasis. The TDR/WHO reference Leishmanin produced by the Pasteur Institute of Iran is used worldwide. Two other antigens produced by Razi Serum Institute of Iran, Killed Leishmani...

Leishmaniasis is an increasing public health problem and effective vaccines are not currently available. We have previously demonstrated that vaccination with ribosomal proteins extracts administered in combination of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides protects susceptible BALB/c mice against primary Leishmania major infection. Here, we evaluate the long-term immunity to secondary infection conferred by...

In a previous immunogenicity and efficacy study in mice, montanide ISA 720 (MISA) was indicated to be a better adjuvant than bacillus calmette guerin vaccine (BCG) for a Leishmania vaccine. In the present study, we report the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of Leishmania donovani (L. donovani) sonicated antigen delivered with alum-BCG (AlBCG), MISA or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) in vervet...

Several antigens have been tested as vaccine candidates against Leishmania infections but controversial results have been reported when different antigens are co-administered in combined vaccination protocols. Immunization with A2 or nucleoside hydrolase (NH) antigens was previously shown to induce Th1 immune responses and protection in BALB/c mice against Leishmania donovani and L. amazonensis...

BACKGROUND Novel vaccination approaches are needed to prevent leishmaniasis. Live attenuated vaccines are the gold standard for protection against intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania and there have been new developments in this field. The nonpathogenic to humans lizard protozoan parasite, Leishmania (L) tarentolae, has been used effectively as a vaccine platform against visceral leishman...