Legitimate expectation in the context of culpa in contrahendo is an important legal concept for the study of good faith and the duty to negotiate with good care. However when wanting to model it and reason about it, one finds that most existing legal formalisations do not directly account for the concept. In this paper we present a formal model that can explicitly model and reason about legitim...

Diffusion of Innovations and Opinion Leader theories can be translated into practical applications to improve health care delivery and financial performance by applying them to influence referral patterns and decrease variations in care. Health care organizations can rapidly spread "better practices" to their practicing physicians by understanding the social and communication networks that are ...

Abandoning ineffective medical practices and mitigating the risks of untested practices are important for improving patient health and containing healthcare costs. Historically, this process has relied on the evidence base, societal values, cultural tensions, and political sway, but not necessarily in that order. We propose a conceptual framework to guide and prioritize this process, shifting e...

From light-skinned deities depicted in ancient religious tableaux, pearl-swallowing practices in China, turmeric ceremonies in India to clay application in Africa, history has been coloured by our questionable aversion to the darker shades. Complexion has assumed psychological, economic and political currency with continued growth in the desire for skin lighteners sweeping the boundaries of cou...

Through theories of mediatization it is commonly understood that political institutions and participatory practices adapt to the logics of mainstream media. Today the overall media and communication landscape is becoming digitalized. Technological processes of digitalization evolve in tandem with socio-cultural processes of reflexivity and individualization in late modernity. Thus politics and ...

Health care is a complex and transnational task of societies. The various institutions and individuals involved are not and should not be governed by one central authority, but have legitimate and sometimes diverging interests. Balancing these interests has been subject to organizational and legal procedures traditionally. Today, institutions like hospitals and practices are no longer employers...

This chapter advances the theoretical construct of institutional innovation, which we define as novel, useful and legitimate change that disrupts, to varying degrees, the cognitive, normative, or regulative mainstays of an organizational field. Institutional innovation, like all innovation, is both novel and useful, but differs in that it is also legitimate, credible and appropriate. Legitimacy...

General practice prescribing costs have risen rapidly in recent years, and there are wide variations between practices in rates and costs of prescribing. Setting general practice prescribing budgets with a capitation based formula seems to offer a solution to these problems. However, capitation based formulas may unfairly penalise legitimate variations and increases in prescribing costs. We the...

Abstract This article describes the development of moral economy merit among fishermen and rural poor Dalai Village, Magtaal soum , Mongolia. In 1971, historian E. P. Thompson used term “moral economy” to describe a popular consensus on what was considered right wrong in economic behavior, arguing that its provocation motivated eighteenth-century English engage crowd-based political action. con...

Political culture represents a society`s widely held, traditional values and its fundamental practices; foreign policy decision makers tend to make policies that are compatible with their society`s political culture because they share, if not all, many of those values. Among the various factors influencing Iran`s foreign policy,  the role of political culture seems to be rather underestimated. ...