AIDS presents difficult and unprecedented legal problems. Because modern law requires that persons with disabilities or illnesses be integrated into the mainstream of society, past responses to those with communicable diseases are no longer acceptable. Laws dealing with AIDS patients will have to evolve gradually and build upon commonsense solutions to problems.

Refinements to animal-use protocols can help reduce animal pain and distress, thus producing cleaner data. Yet, most researchers neglect a refinement search, despite legal mandates, because the information is not readily available. What's more, IACUCs may have difficulty assessing researchers' refinement searches. The author offers some solutions.

There are many ethical, legal, economic, scientific, and practical problems associated with conducting drug trials in children. The single most difficult is subject identification and enrollment (ie, recruitment). This article reviews various aspects of the recruitment process and proposes potential solutions to recruitment problems.

Digitalisation of medical data makes it possible to share images and workflows between related parties. In addition to linear data flow where healthcare professionals or patients are the information carriers, a new type of matrix of many-to-many connections is emerging. Implementation of shared workflow brings challenges of interoperability and legal clarity. Sharing images or workflows can be ...

The difficulties, barriers and challenges in implementing a regulatory framework for a pan-European electronic identity (eID)1 have been analyzed before in a number of studies. Deliverables pertaining to research projects funded by the European Union (EU), as well as study reports prepared for the European Commission in the areas of eID and eGovernment,2 have focused on the legal complexities t...

Psychologists must advocate for more stringent legal protection of psychological test materials because using standardized tests is the most distinguishing and exclusive feature of psychological evaluation practice. With the rapid growth in forensic consulting, unrestrained discovery of raw data and psychological test materials during litigation erodes the reliability and validity of the test p...

The Carneades Contract Format (CC-F) provides a flexible and extensible representation framework for legal contracts, which is capable of representing the text, the document structure and the semantics of legally binding agreements. The paper provides an overview about the CC-F, discusses the underlying design considerations, compares it with other solutions.

Due to increase of electronic business and business process dematerialization organizations are facing today a problem of preserving vast amounts of electronic documents in coherent and trustworthy manner. A large amount of digital documents are produced every day even in small and medium-sized companies. The documents range from simple receipts to complex legal contracts and service level agre...