Few studies have attempted to examine analytically various aspects of the contract enforcement institutions in post-Soviet Russia. Researchers agree that the lack of legislation for improving the operation of the legal system, which in turn would enhance the ability of exchange, is producing severe obstacles for economic growth. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the administrative hi...

An effective ethical-legal framework for the conduct of research is critical. We describe five essential components of such a system, review the extent to which these components have been realised in South Africa, present brief implications for the ethical conduct of clinical trials of HIV vaccines in South Africa and make recommendations. The components of an effective ethical-legal system tha...

AS THE CONTRIBUTORS in this volume colourfully illustrate, it is no small task to ensure legal certainty in transnational commerce, and the challenge becomes increasingly acute as commercial exchange becomes ever more globalised. One might expect, however, that the diamond industry would remain largely unaffected by this trend of globalisation. Because diamonds are easily portable, universally ...

Electronic health records (EHRs) facilitate several innovations capable of reforming health care. Despite their promise, many currently unanswered legal, ethical, and financial questions threaten the widespread adoption and use of EHRs. Key legal dilemmas that must be addressed in the near-term pertain to the extent of clinicians' responsibilities for reviewing the entire computer-accessible cl...

Debates about how best to design international legal regimes inadequately attend to the ways in which law influences state behavior. As a consequence of this deficiency, much of international law is founded upon the flawed, and often unexamined, assumption that effective legal regimes must either coerce or persuade target actors to comply with their requirements. In How to Influence States: Soc...

Scholars have proffered a number of theoretical explanations for the phenomenon that corporate ownership is diffuse in some countries and highly concentrated in others. One explanation, the social democracy theory, holds that leftist ideology weakens a variety of corporate governance mechanisms and thus prevents the separation of ownership from control in social democracies, where leftist ideol...

Internet regulation is not an ‘all or nothing’ debate. Government regulation dominates the physical layer, but it is fragmented over many legal jurisdictions. Self-regulation dominates the code layer – it is powerful and unique because the code is global, cross-border and pervasive. Government regulation dominates the content layer, but is fragmented over many legal jurisdictions. Policymakers ...

The present study identifies the richness levels of various Internet media and empirically examines the moderating effects of Internet media richness (rich and lean media) and Internet communication governance mechanisms (legal contracts and relational norms) on the relationships between rich and lean information communication, and exchange outcomes. This study uses regression analysis to analy...

abstract urban management forms (model) are a key and important factor on characteristics of urban governance. study of literature and other country’s experience suggest application of various form of urban management and government that each have own specification, legal and administrative characteristics. in iran, in spite of 100 years record in establishing municipalities, there is not any l...