AIMS The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) requires nations that have ratified the convention to ban all tobacco advertising and promotion. In the face of these restrictions, tobacco packaging has become the key promotional vehicle for the tobacco industry to interest smokers and potential smokers in tobacco products. This paper reviews available research into the probable impact o...

How do we decide which treatments should be offered by the National Health Service (NHS) when we cannot afford to fund them all? In the absence of a positive appraisal by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), which mandates the provision of a treatment by the NHS, Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) are free to decide whether to provide a particular drug to some, or all, of t...

Fact finders in legal trials often need to evaluate a mass of weak, contradictory and ambiguous evidence. There are two general ways to accomplish this task: by holistically forming a coherent mental representation of the case, or by atomistically assessing the probative value of each item of evidence and integrating the values according to an algorithm. Parallel constraint satisfaction (PCS) m...

Abstract This article applies Comparative Interpreting Studies to research on interpreting in religious contexts and the relevance of this literature studies more broadly. is an approach that looks plot commonalities all practice. It argued actual observed interpreter behaviors, rather than assumed professional standards, provide a justifiable unit comparison. The behavior interpreters discusse...

medicine is the science that has great religious value and its importance has been emphasized. the holy quran in many verses has proposed the issue of body and soul sanitary and treatment. some of the quran verses have considered the issue of prevention and treatment of diseases of the human body, and other categories, have discussed the prevention, and treatment of mental illnesses. using vers...