delaying bud break, using chemicals is an approach to avoid spring frost damage. therefore, the effect of spraying different concentrations of soybean oil and naphthalene acetic acid (naa) on delaying bud break, altering internal atmosphere and cold hardiness in grape cultivar ‘fakhri’ was studied in 2011 in a commercial vineyard in maryanaj, hamedan using a factorial trial based on randomized ...

late spring chilling in spring is largely the cause for limiting almond production, so finding ways to reduce the loss is a priority in horticultural research. the government in iran established sahand horticultural research station in 1968 to invest in some late flowering almond cultivars, and this resulted in seven new cultivars in 1994, which can survive the late chillings that might occur i...

Flower buds of peach, apricot, and sweet cherry are killed by low temperatures during winter and spring. Frost protection measures used commonly in the spring are applied to freeze protection during the winter in the Yakima Valley of Washington. Critical temperatures change rapidly during winter. To succeed, winter freeze protection requires adequate inversions, equipment that operates at tempe...

Frequent occurrences of late spring frost disaster create severe agricultural/forest damage, even given the background global warming. In warm temperate zone China, which is largest planting area for fresh apricot, has become one major meteorological hazards during flowering. To prevent cold weather–induced apricot and reduce potential losses in related fruit economic value, it vital to establi...

the phytoplankton structure and dynamics were analysed in relation to abiotic variables inpaso de las piedras reservoir, argentina. phytoplankton driving forces were explored using a functionalapproach. a total of 15 functional groups were identified among which d, p, h1, f, j and c were the mostimportant. a canonical variate analysis indicated that the categorization of the species in function...

A number of significant annual weather variables are known to be critical to the quantity and quality of vineyard harvest. In rain-fed viticulture regions for example, most quality wines are produced in areas where the annual precipitation is below 700 to 800 mm (Jackson and Shuster, 1987; Galet, 1993). Indeed, barring any moisture stress to the vine, a warm, dry growing season is generally ass...

introduction frost as a harmful climatologic phenomenon affects various human activities and biological processes. due to mountainous nature of kurdistan province as the study area of this research in one hand and type and diversity of effective air masses on the other, the frequency, severity and duration of this phenomenon in the province are outstanding. confronting frost could be one of the...

A set of freeze thresholds is defined which replaces the loosely defined element “killing frost.” Freeze series are tested and found to be random. This makes it possible to fit frequency distributions. It is hypothesized that these distributions are normal and a test of significance verifies this. A hypothesis that the variance parameter is constant over Iowa is tested and found to be true. It ...