Maintaining the patency of the upper airway during breathing is of vital importance. The activity of various muscles is related to the patency of the upper airway. In the present study, we examined the respiratory motor activity in the efferent nerves innervating the upper airway muscles to determine the movements of the upper airway during respiration under normocapnic conditions (pH = 7.4) an...

Tapia syndrome is characterized by concurrent paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal and hypoglossal nerves. The mechanism is associated with airway manipulation in 70% of patients and is attributed to compression or stretching of these nerves. Diagnosis is based on recognition of the concurrent paralyses and investigations to exclude central or vascular causes. Treatment is supportive, with emph...

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) represent an interesting candidate for cell therapy and could be obtained from olfactory mucosa (OM-OECs) or olfactory bulbs (OB-OECs). Recent reports suggest that, depending on their origin, OECs display different functional properties. We show here the complementary and additive effects of co-transplanting OM-OECs and OB-OECs after lesion of a peripheral ner...

BACKGROUND: Laryngeal dysfunction can be a salient feature in the clinical symptomatology of speakers diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In addition to dysphonia, swallowing function is also disrupted. This paper reviews what is known about laryngeal dysfunction resulting from ALS. RESULTS: Presented is a case report of a female, diagnosed with ALS, whose initial symptoms were ...

To determine if electrical stimulation of autonomic nerves could excite nonadrenergic inhibitory motor pathways in the guinea pig respiratory system in vivo, we studied the effects of electrical stimulation of the cervical vagi and sympathetic nerve trunks on pressure changes (P(p)) within an isolated, fluid-filled cervical tracheal segment which reflected changes in trachealis muscle tone. We ...

CE Dysfunction of the recurrent laryngeal nerves causes laryngeal paralysis in dogs and cats. Paralysis of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle results in an inability to abduct the arytenoid cartilages during inspiration.The resulting cross-sectional area of the glottis is inadequate for normal respiration.The most common clinical signs of laryngeal paralysis in dogs and cats are stridor, exe...

Glottal airway enlargement is required to manage dyspnea due bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP). The method of laterofixation reported by Ejnell et al. relativly non-invasive and has been considered the first choice in cases BVFP recent years. We used a video-laryngoscope obtain better endolaryngeal view GORE-TEX® Soft Tissue Patch as spacer between thyroid lamina nylon knot prevent loosenin...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) intraoperative monitoring (IONM) provides a new functional dynamic that adds to visual identification of the RLN to optimize its intraoperative management. Intraoperative monitoring has been applied to the initial identification of the RLN. We now apply IONM to the identification of the nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) and provide ele...