The number of business applications operated by enterprises to provide support for the business has increased over the last years. With increasing number of applications and connections between them, also the overall complexity of the application landscape has grown. A main task in managing an application landscape is maintaining quality levels. This article contributes a set of metrics for mea...

Understanding the development of landscape patterns over broad spatial and temporal scales is a major contribution to ecological sciences and is a critical area of research for forested land management. Boreal forests represent an excellent case study for such research because these forests have undergone significant changes over recent decades. We analyzed the temporal trends of four widely-us...

Computer graphics, CAAD, e-learning, visualization and virtual reality technologies are increasingly used to communicate the implications of environment understanding and management changes in landscapes and biological systems, well as in national parks and forests. Image-based and data visualization techniques can be used, not only by scientists but also by managers, the public, and desicion-m...

Rivers are complex systems that involve various interacting hydrological, geo-morphological and ecological processes resulting in the provisioning of riverine ecosystem services. The latter are flows of goods and services from ecosystems to society, such as food, timber and drinking water. Quantification of ecosystem services can support environmental impact assessments or scenario analyses for...

Monitoring is necessary for an adaptive management approach and the successful implementation of ecosystem management. In this document, we present an approach to monitoring biological diversity at different levels of ecological organization: landscape, community or ecosystem, population or species, and genetic. Our approach involves identifying monitoring questions derived from regional, provi...

stress management is considered as an important factor in nowadays landscape. therefore this research was conducted using a factorial experiment based on a randomized completely design with regulated deficit irrigation at four levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% of lawn irrigation requirement) and three replicates to evaluate some biochemical and physiological traits on four groundcover plants (lolium...

urban design and landscape architecture are considered as modern art (knowledge) which are developed through integration of various art and science fields of studies. formal emergence of urban design in 60s and landscape design is occurred at the beginning of 20th century. the success of these two fields is because of their attention to environmental qualities upgrade in public and open spac...