1. ABSTRACT Landscape ecology has advanced with rapid developments in technology, increasing knowledge exchange among scientific disciplines, and a growing number of modern scientists across disciplines. The science of landscape ecology represents a unique discipline examining biophysical and social processes across multiple ecosystems and multiple dimensions of time and space. This discipline ...

1. introduction environmental changes can be monitored at many scales but the scale of landscape and region has more information in support of sustainable spatial planning. the availability of remote sensing imagery provides multi-scale observation with periodic repetitions over time. landscape and regional scales are adequately covered by satellite images. remote sensing images provide non-ave...

in this study, an optimization model is proposed to design a global supply chain (gsc) for a medical device manufacturer under disruption in the presence of pre-existing competitors and price inelasticity of demand. therefore, static competition between the distributors’ facilities to more efficiently gain a further share in market of economic cooperation organization trade agreement (ecota) is...

Adverse changes in rangeland vegetation can be considered as one of the criteria for land degradation. Some of these changes can be evaluated through monitoring the spatial changes of landscape parameters. This study aimed to investigate the landscape changes in Kezab rangelands of Yazd province, central Iran. Landsat satellite images of 1990, 2002, and 2013, and landscape metrics including Tot...

This paper investigates the spatial heterogeneity of three landscapes along an altitudinal gradient and different human land use. The main aim was the identification of appropriate landscape indicators using different extents. ASTER image was used to create a land cover map consisting of three landscapes which differed in altitude and land use. A number of landscape metrics quantifying patch co...

Purpose: The Indian payments sector is undergoing far reaching changes, with digital capturing a sizable slice of the cake in recent years. changes began from fully cash economy to less-paper-currency system. Reserve Bank India and its nodal agencies are working hard make goal, reality. Nearly one billion cards more than two Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPI) such as online wallets, mobile appli...