The Operational Land Imager (OLI) onboard the Landsat 8 satellite has a panchromatic band (503–676 nm) that been used to compute virtual spectral known as “orange contra-band” (590–635 nm). major application of orange contra-band is monitoring cyanobacteria which usually quantified by measurement concentration phycocyanin (PC) an absorption peak around 620 nm. In this study, we evaluated use ap...

Using plastic mulching for farmland is booming around the world. Despite its benefit of protecting crops from unfavorable conditions and increasing crop yield, the massive use of the plastic-mulching technique causes many environmental problems. Therefore, timely and effective mapping of plastic-mulched farmland (PMF) is of great interest to policy-makers to leverage the trade-off between econo...