Introduction: Current energy sources are coming to end and one of the main priorities of the country’s management is the energy recovery from renewable energy. Considerable quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the most serious urban pollution sources. Impact assessment matrix is a new and fast tool for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Materials and Methods: In this regard, r...

Assessing odour annoyance generated by landfill areas involves a number of difficulties due to the fugitive, diffuse and multiple characters of odour sources. Analyses of ambient air by GC-MS, spot FID measurements or the determination of the odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry on the basis of samples collected through flux chambers, while providing valuable results, do not allow to enc...

Landfill gas (LFG) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) generated by anaerobic degradation of decomposable municipal solid wastes (MSW). LFG contains (50-60%) of methane (CH4) and (40–50%) carbon dioxide (CO2). If a landfill is neither aerated nor equipped with gas capture systems, the LFG emissions, mainly CH4, in the cover soil is best reduced by using a biocover. Biocovers normally act as a biof...

This paper compares life-cycle greenhouse gas GHG emissions from two municipal solid waste MSW management options, municipal waste combustion, and landfilling, using a U.S. EPA life-cycle assessment LCA model, the MSW Decision Support Tool. Unlike previously reported LCAs, key combustion model inputs—total MSW carbon content and its biogenic/fossil split—are determined not from MSW composition ...

The aim of this consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) is to compare district heating based on waste incineration with combustion of biomass or natural gas. The study comprises two options for energy recovery (combined heat and power (CHP) or heat only), two alternatives for external, marginal electricity generation (fossil lean or intense), and two alternatives for the alternative waste man...

The use of municipal solid waste (MSW) to generate electricity through landfill-gas-to-energy (LFGTE) and waste-to-energy (WTE) projects represents roughly 14% of U.S. nonhydro renewable electricity generation. Although various aspects of LFGTE and WTE have been analyzed in the literature, this paper is the first to present a comprehensive set of life-cycle emission factors per unit of electric...

Post-consumer waste is a small contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (<5%) with total emissions of approximately 1300 MtCO 2-eq in 2005. The largest source is landfill methane (CH 4), followed by wastewater CH 4 and nitrous oxide (N 2 O); in addition, minor emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2) result from incineration of waste containing fossil carbon (C) (plastics; synthetic texti...

Waste distribution and compaction at the working face of municipal waste landfills releases mercury vapor (Hg(o)) to the atmosphere, as does the flaring of landfill gas. Waste storage and processing before its addition to the landfill also has the potential to release Hg(o) to the air if it is initially present or formed by chemical reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(o) within collected waste. We measur...

In this study the concept of biofilm accumulation in the sand column was promoted to assess the changes in hydraulic conductivity and concentration of organic contaminants of the synthetic leachate. Four different combinations of column study were carried out using synthetic leachate as a substrate solution. Mixed and stratified mode of experiments with two different sizes (0.3 mm and 0.6 mm) o...

The use of municipal solid waste (MSW) to generate electricity through landfill-gas-to-energy (LFGTE) and waste-to-energy (WTE)projectsrepresentsroughly14%ofU.S.nonhydrorenewable electricity generation. Although various aspects of LFGTE and WTE have been analyzed in the literature, this paper is the first to present a comprehensive set of life-cycle emission factors per unit of electricity gene...