• Intake of novel food increased over days in mice. Allowing the mice to voluntarily run open wheels suppressed this increase. The suppression was specific paired with voluntary running. This learning occurs without imposed pretraining running closed wheels. Pretraining wheels, however, might facilitates learning. Previous studies (Nakajima, 2019a,b) demonstrated avoidance based on wheel labora...

Background/Objective: Traumatic injury is consistently the leading cause of death up to middle age and largest factor in reducing United States economic productivity. Currently, there are few murine models that emulate orthopedic polytraumatic injury. Existing typically require sophisticated vascular access resulting higher costs. We have identified need for a simple easily reproducible model. ...

Abstract Background Circadian disruption is often associated with aggravation of atherosclerosis; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying atherogenic initiation in normolipidemic diet remains unclear. Most studies done for understanding circadian induced atherosclerosis have been carried out murine model hyperlipidemia atherosclerosis. The present study investigates pro-atherogeni...