O f the $2.6 trillion spent in 2010 on health care in the United States, 56% consisted of wages for health care workers. Labor is by far the largest category of expense: health care, as it is designed and delivered today , is very labor-intensive. The 16.4 million U.S. health care employees represented 11.8% of the total employed labor force in 2010. Yet unlike virtually all other sectors of th...

BACKGROUND Nulliparity is an obstetric high-risk group whose labor, compared with multiparae, are more likely to develop labor abnormalities that requires intervention. The aim of this report is todetermine factors that influence vaginal delivery in nulliparae. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was done on 286 eligible booked nulliparae in labor, to determine factors a...

Europe’s labor is not competitiveness taking unemployment as the relevant indicator. The paper looks at other indicators such as job creation, productivity and unit labor costs and skills. It analyzes the reasons for the lack of competitiveness including a low degree of wage differentiation, the impact of the welfare state on the reservation wage and high labor costs to finance the social secur...

Does the organization of business matter for social policy development in the advanced capitalist democracies? Conventional welfare state analysis has given this significant question scant attention. We argue, however, that the representational power of business, coordination across business interest units, and integration of associations in corporatist policy-making forums, or what we call the...

BACKGROUND Clinical guidelines do not recommend maintenance tocolysis for the management of preterm labour. The French national survey EVAPRIMA revealed it was administered to more than 50% of women hospitalised for preterm labour. Our aim was to identify the individual and organisational determinants associated with maintenance tocolysis. METHODS The study was a secondary analysis of the pro...

Faustino R Pérez-López1 Peter Chedraui2,4 Amy S Kravitz3 Danny Salazar-Pousada2 Luis Hidalgo4 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Hospital Clínico, Zaragoza, Spain; 2High Risk Pregnancy Labor and Delivery Unit, Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico enrique C. Sotomayor, Guayaquil, ecuador; 3Jay weiss Center of Social Medicine and Global Health equity, ...

Socioeconomic and health consequences of aging in India are analyzed. By the year 2000, India will have the second largest elderly population in the world, according to official projections. The growth rate, sex ratio, and marital, labor, and literacy status of the elderly are predicted to result in a higher dependency ratio by the 2001. Socioeconomic aspects of this aging population will af...

A database of North American harvesting systems was developed. Parameters for each.system included site, material and productron rate. Onto-truck and deliverea roduct characteristics equi ment mix and costs prices were developed using standard costing me over the ran i% er green ton&, anB ods. breakeven oil es H Systems costs were compared of piece size, volume per unit area removed, capital/la...

In this article, we use a genetic algorithm to obtain an economically optimal preventive maintenance frequency for different equipment, the parts inventory policy (number and type of spare parts to keep in stock), and labor allocation in process plants. To assess cost, we improved a previously published Monte Carlo simulationbased maintenance model (Nguyen et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47(6...