The history of the Animal Protection Movement is discussed as a case of social movement transformation. Transformation here refers to significant shifts in the goals, strategies, tactics, and membership of the movement and that I suggest reflect the shifting institutional bases of the movement. What emerges as a reform movement of aging elite evangelicals in the earlyto midNineteenth Century En...

Do employers substitute adults for children, or do they treat them as complements? Using data from a Mexican schooling experiment, I find that decreasing child farm work is accompanied by increasing adult labor demand. This increase was not caused by treatment money reaching farm employers: there were no significant increases in harvest prices and quantities, non-labor inputs, or non-farm labor...

Accurately estimating population sizes is often a critical component of fisheries research and management. Although there is a growing appreciation of the importance of small-scale salmon population dynamics to the stability of salmon stock-complexes, our understanding of these populations is constrained by a lack of efficient and cost-effective monitoring tools for streams. Weirs are expensive...

We decompose labor-productivity growth into components attributable to (1) technological change (shifts in the world production frontier), (2) technological catch-up (movements toward or away from the frontier), (3) human capital accumulation (changes in the efficiency of labor), and (4) physical capital accumulation (movement along the frontier). The world production frontier is constructed us...

some times used their powers to achieve unjustifiable ends, at employers' or public's expense. But, although such excesses might illustrate the need for enlightened leadership or perhaps for some mild legal reforms, their conclusion on balance is that big labor was a necessary offset to big businesses. Knowing and agreeing to the outcome -big labor -in turn informs most histories of the evoluti...

We previously studied equilibrium in a particularly simple world – an endowment economy. This was useful for getting intuition about what determined the real interest rate, but lacked realism. In this section we endogenize supply. The concept of equilibrium is identical to before, but the set up is more interesting. Now we have firms that produce output using capital and labor, and households t...

This paper presents a real business cycle model with search frictions in the asset market, where equity liquidity is endogenously determined. I use the model to study how labor input, asset liquidity and asset prices fluctuate in response to productivity and liquidity shocks, and how, in turn, these fluctuations magnify the impact of productivity shocks on economic activity. A household’s inves...

This paper revisits the natural unemployment rate and some studies of labor markets with search frictions that it has inspired. New job strategies being proposed suggest a need for an enhanced market research agenda, which looks at additional movements in force. directions conduct monetary policy beyond concerns over dangers to banks financial posed by interest-rate adjustment may follow as mat...

For a century, two labor market empirical regularities characterized the movements of hours work, employment, and hourly compensation American manufacturing production workers. They resembled conditional supply functions. Increases in employment substituted for reductions per worker. The implied elasticities with respect to earnings declined absolute value over time. activities trade unions eff...

This paper proposes a simple method for guiding researchers in developing quantitative models of economic fluctuations. We show that a large class of models, including models with various frictions, are equivalent to a prototype growth model with time varying wedges that, at least on face value, look like time-varying productivity, labor taxes, and capital income taxes. We label the time varyin...