This paper examines the determinants of intra-firm trade in US imports using detailed country-product data. We create a new measure of product contractibility based on the degree of intermediation in international trade for the product. We find important roles for the interaction of country and product characteristics in determining intra-firm trade shares. Intra-firm trade is high for products...

Translation of SecM stalls unless its N-terminal part is "pulled" by the protein export machinery. Here we show that the sequence motif FXXXXWIXXXXGIRAGP that includes a specific arrest point (Pro) causes elongation arrest within the ribosome. Mutations that bypass the elongation arrest were isolated in 23S rRNA and L22 r protein. Such suppressor mutations occurred at a few specific residues of...

Corporate organization varies within countries and between countries. We develop a theory which explains the variation in levels of decentralization across firms and links it to the trade environment that firms face. We introduce firms with internal hierarchies in a Melitz and Ottaviano (2008) model of international trade. We show that international trade increases the conflict of interest betw...

A fundamental question for economics is why large firms in market economies usually assign control rights to capital suppliers rather than labor suppliers. A diverse collection of answers can be found in the literature. But unfortunately little theoretical consensus has emerged, and few attempts have been made to resolve this issue through systematic empirical investigation. This paper reviews ...

Empirical research has shown tremendous productivity di erences, even within narrowly de ned industries. A great host of studies is explainsing this productivity disparity by factors such as idiosyncratic technology shocks, input price di erences, management skills, or international trade. Although these explanations are undoubtedly important, the current paper suggests that product diversi cat...

Abstract Background The prevalence of azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is increasing numerous populations worldwide. Objectives To characterize the genetic pathways leading to high-level resistance. Methods A customized morbidostat was used subject two N. reference strains (WHO-F and WHO-X) dynamically sustained pressure. We tracked stepwise evolution by whole genome sequencing....

ABSTRACT Cross-border alliances expose firms to heightened risks, posing different governance and control challenges than domestic alliances. We examine the impact of differences in alliance partner countries' institutional environments. Analysis survey data supports our contention that cross-border involve a greater reliance on formal controls, particularly when collaborate with partners count...