Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep plays a key role in the consolidation of memories acquired during waking (WK). The search for mechanisms underlying that role has revealed significant correlations in the patterns of neuronal firing, regional blood flow, and expression of the activity-dependent gene zif-268 between WK and subsequent REM sleep. Zif-268 integrates a major calcium signal transduction...

During REM sleep the CNS is intensely active, but the skeletal motor system is paradoxically forced into a state of muscle paralysis. The mechanisms that trigger REM sleep paralysis are a matter of intense debate. Two competing theories argue that it is caused by either active inhibition or reduced excitation of somatic motoneuron activity. Here, we identify the transmitter and receptor mechani...

Abstract Introduction The importance of human cortical theta-band power during REM is suggested by its association with aspects emotional processing. Currently, this measured first visual-inspection polysomnography to define REM-sleep (scored-REM) and then summing the total theta within. However, activity attributed scored-REM has been hypothesized occur some scored-NREM (“covert REM”) conflate...

Mammalian sleep comprises rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep. To functionally isolate from the complex mixture of neurons populating the brainstem pons those involved in switching between REM and NREM sleep, we chemogenetically manipulated neurons of a specific embryonic cell lineage in mice. We identified excitatory glutamatergic neurons that inhibit REM sleep and promote ...

Spatiotemporal activity patterns of neurones are organized by different types of coherent network oscillations. Frequency content and cross-frequency coupling of cortical oscillations are strongly state-dependent, indicating that different patterns of wakefulness or sleep, respectively, support different cognitive or mnestic processes. It is therefore crucial to analyse specific sleep patterns ...

Benington and Heller (1994) recently proposed a sleep-dependent model for the homeostatic control of REM sleep in which the amount of REM sleep propensity discharged in each bout of REM sleep affects the timing of the subsequent REM episode. Consistent with their hypothesis, they reported that in rats the duration of a REM episode was positively correlated with the duration of the succeeding NR...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is a strong demand for fast and predictable anesthesia recovery with few side effects. Choice of the hypnotic agent could impact on that. This study investigated the differences between recoveries after remifentanil-propofol and remifentanil-desflurane anesthesias guided by bispectral index (BIS®). METHODS Forty patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups acc...

The objective of this study was to assess whether treatment with sustained-release bupropion (Wellbutrin-SR) produces alterations in electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep that are associated with clinical response to the drug. EEG sleep was measured in 20 patients with unipolar major depressive disorder before and after treatment with sustained-release bupropion. Each EEG sleep session consisted ...