Efforts to raise US health-care productivity have proceeded slowly, potentially due the fragmentation of payment across insurers. Each insurer’s efforts improve care could influence how doctors practice for other insurers, leading unvalued externalities. We study a randomized letter intervention by Medicare curtail overuse antipsychotics. The letters did not mention private insurance but reduce...

abstract in this paper, we examine relationship between financial intermediary development variables and values added of agricultural sector in iran during 1352 to 1385. the five indices derived from the banking system as a financial intermediary development indicators, that define in related to the agricultural sector, and with the introduction of statistic methods of factor analysis and its a...

abstract in this paper we test two versions of convergence hypothesis namely deterministic or conditional convergence and stochastic or catching up hypothesis using carrion-i-silvestre et al. (2005) stationary test. the results show latin and south american countries (lsa) catching up process toward the usa failed in 1980s and somewhat in 1990s. but in 2000s most of them could lie in convergenc...

We reconsider the CES production functions, focusing on their additive separability properties and the constraints these impose on dual elasticites of gross substitution and complementarity. In particular, we offer some alternative characterizations of the (standard) homogeneous cases that seem to have gone unnoticed, as far as we know. We also start exploring the cases of the (additively separ...

nowadays, in most countries, whether developed or developing, the standing of small and medium economic enterprises has been at the focus of attention by policymakers in these countries. however, opponents and proponents have largely debated the effectiveness of small to medium economic enterprises in iran. with this approach, in mind, the present study was carried out to evaluate the performan...

We propose an encompassing test for non-nested linear quantile regression models and show that it has an asymptotic χ2 distribution. It is also shown that the proposed test is a regression rank score test in a comprehensive model under conditional homogeneity. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed test performs very well in finite samples. JEL classification: C12, C52

in recent decades, foreign direct investment (fdi) has played a vital role in economic growth of developed and developing countries. fdi brings new capital and technology to the host country beside a possibility of spillover to local firms. hence, fdi is considered as an important channel of technology transfer. however, in empirical studies, the size and direction of effects of fdi on producti...