Metamodels are widely used to facilitate the analysis and optimization of engineering systems that involve computationally expensive simulations. Kriging is a metamodelling technique that is well known for its ability to build surrogate models of responses with non-linear behaviour. However, the assumption of a stationary covariance structure underlying Kriging does not hold in situations where...

An important problem between specialists is the interpolation of the surfaces determined by classics or modern techniques. Choosing the proper technique is practically a rigorous study regarding all the interpolation methods and using that method according to the needs of the project. The determination of the Digital terrain model, the digital surface model from GNSS, LiDAR or classic measureme...

This paper demonstrates the application of correlated Gaussian process based approximations to optimization where multiple levels of analysis are available, using an extension to the geostatistical method of co-kriging. An exchange algorithm is used to choose which points of the search space to sample within each level of analysis. The derivation of the co-kriging equations is presented in an i...

Metamodels are widely used to facilitate the analysis and optimization of engineering systems that involve computationally expensive simulations. Kriging is a metamodeling technique that is well known for its ability to build surrogate models of responses with nonlinear behavior. However, the assumption of a stationary covariance structure underlying Kriging does not hold in situations where th...

For structural systems with both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties, the effect of epistemic uncertainty on failure probability is measured by the variance based sensitivity analysis, which generally needs a ‘‘triple-loop’’ crude sampling procedure to solve and is time consuming. Thus, the Kriging method is employed to avoid the complex sampling procedure and improve the computational efficie...

Sodium is an integral part of water, and its excessive amount in drinking water causes high blood pressure and hypertension. In the present paper, spatial distribution of sodium concentration in drinking water is modeled and optimized sampling designs for selecting sampling locations is calculated for three divisions in Punjab, Pakistan. Universal kriging and Bayesian universal kriging are used...

This study focuses on evaluating the suitability of three interpolation methods in terms of their accuracy, for small urban catchments. The Bridgewater Creek catchment in south Brisbane is the region of study. Thirteen storm events measured over 24-hours are interpolated using an inverse-distance weighted average method, thin plate smoothing spline, and an ordinary kriging technique. The delete...

Information about reservoir properties usually comes from two sources: seismic data and well logs. The former provide an indirect, low resolution image of rock velocity and density. The latter provide direct, high resolution (but laterally sparse) sampling of these and other rock parameters. An important problem in reservoir characterization is how best to combine these data sets, allowing the ...

so far several methods have been developed for mapping and interpolation of isohyets.one of the recently accepted methods is geographically weighting regression which is suitable for evaluation of spatial heterogeneity of dependent variable by using local regressions. in order to evaluate annually precipitation spatial variation, this study was conducted in gilan province which precipitation is...