This article shows how RDF/XML, KIF, Frame-CG (FCG) and Formalized-English (FE) can be used in a panorama of knowledge representation cases. It highlights various inadequacies of RDF/XML, advantages provided by high-level expressive notations (FCG and FE), and the KIF translations provide a logical interpretation for the other notations. Knowledge providers may see this document as a guide for ...

In the globalization era, some translation scholars are of the belief that the ongoing process of globaliza- tion among different and diverse languages and cultures brings about incomprehensibility in translation products. By contrast, some others believe that the globalization trend leads to comprehensible transla- tions. The present research investigates the comprehensibility of the Per...

extended abstract 1. introduction according to toury (1995), translation is a norm-based behavior. in the course of their direct and indirect trainings, translators familiarize themselves with the linguistic, cultural and social norms which are used by the contemporary translators and later, as professional translators, use them consciously or unconsciously in their translations. in other words...

the main concern of the present study was to compare the frequency of the use of semantic adjustment strategies in versed and free-verse styles in the english translations of hafez poetry. the focus of the comparison was the number of expansion and reduction strategies employed in these translations. the corpus of the study comprised two translations of hafez poetry; one was a versed translatio...

This study aimed at finding features of collocational deviations in the translations of Tuesdays with Mor- rie. In this direction, categories of collocations and collocational clashes, as well as causes of collocation- al clashes were explored. The present work investigated five Persian translations of the novel. All the books were examined completely and all possible collocational clashes were...

Several proof translations of classical mathematics into intuitionistic mathematics have been proposed in the literature over the past century. These are normally referred to as negative translations or double-negation translations. Among those, the most commonly cited are translations due to Kolmogorov, Gödel, Gentzen, Kuroda and Krivine (in chronological order). In this paper we propose a fra...

Speaking as an initial goal in language teaching and learning has relationships with many variables including listening, reading, writing, knowledge of vocabulary as well as grammar. The present study mainly aims at examining the relationship between translations and speaking fluency. For this purpose and following an experimental design, three groups of Iranian advanced EFL learners were...

This study draws on a comparative framework to evaluate the translation of political implications in three Persian translations of the novellaAnimal Farm (by George Orwell), using  Fairclough’scritical discourse analysis (CDA) model. The study regards political implications and ideologies as a mode of background knowledge shared by writers and audiences in the source language. Fairclough’s mode...