As the rate of incarceration in the United States continues to grow, a large body of research has been primarily focused on understanding the determinants and drivers of federal and state prison growth. However, local jail systems, with 11 million admissions each year, have generated less research attention even though they have a far broader impact on communities. Preliminary time trend analys...

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expresse...

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expresse...

W hen firms invest in a shared supplier, one key concern is whether the invested capacity will be used for a competitor. In practice, this concern is addressed by restricting the use of the capacity. We consider what happens when two competing firms invest in a shared supplier. We consider two scenarios that differ in how capacity is used: exclusive capacity and first-priority capacity. We mode...

The text and data in this publication may be reproduced as long as the source is cited. Reproductions for commercial purposes are forbidden. The International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth disseminates the findings of its work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. The papers are signed by the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpre...

Results: It proves that the investor focuses more on the safety of their portfolio so there is neither a flight from quality nor a positive spillover during a crisis period. When one market is safer than the other market in the same country, a flight to quality occurs between the two markets; however, when the two markets in one country are both risky, negative spillover appears between these t...

Direct versus Indirect International R&D Spillovers Gwanghoon Lee Chung-Ang University ABSTRACT Using a newly constructed panel dataset and up-to-date econometric approaches, this paper shows that consideration of the role of direct knowledge spillovers through telecommunications networks is crucial in empirical studies of international R&D spillovers. The paper uses data on line penetration ra...

The text and data in this publication may be reproduced as long as the source is cited. Reproductions for commercial purposes are forbidden. The International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth disseminates the findings of its work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. The papers are signed by the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpre...

This paper explores the role of knowledge flows and TFP growth by using direct survey data on knowledge flows linked to firm-level TFP growth data. Our knowledge flow data correspond to the kind of information flows often argued, especially by policy-makers, as important, such as within the firm, or from suppliers, purchasers, universities and competitors. We examine three questions (a) What is...