The chapter describes an empirical study of a sociotechnical community—as an extended part of an institution—with the aim of revealing its changing processes. One hypothesis is that structures of socio-technical communities evolve from being less defined and informal to being more formal structures supported by evolving social control mechanisms, regulations and rules. The focus is the new emer...

Students’ prior knowledge may affect their learning of content in a compulsory Indigenous Studies course. Notably, non-Indigenous pre-service teachers’ bring conceptions and misconceptions to formal education, potentially influencing engagement with and/or resistance concepts affecting manifestation future classroom practices. Indeed, learning, unlearning, relearning often occur courses. Accord...

background about one third of unwanted reported medication consequences are due to medication errors, resulting in one-fifth of hospital injuries. objectives the aim of this study was determined formal and informal medication errors of nurses and the level of importance of factors in refusal to report medication errors among nurses. patients and methods the cross-sectional study was done on the...

The aim of this paper is to investigate how practical store location decision-making balances formal modelling with the less well-studied informal qualitative inputs. By using case studies from one major UK food retailer, we find that informal knowledge has to be considered seriously alongside quantitative models despite the inclusion of such knowledge often proving challenging. In particular, ...

The acquiring of formal, abstract mathematical concepts by students may be said to be one of the major goals of mathematics teaching. How are such abstract concepts acquired? How does this formal knowledge interact with the students' intuitive knowledge of mathematics? How does the transition from informal mathematical knowledge to formal mathematical knowledge take place? This paper reports on...

Nowadays, it is difficult and inefficient to publish, retrieve, compare, evaluate and learn ideas and techniques about knowledge engineering since they are not organized into a semantic network but stored within informal documents and hence scattered and described in various ways across millions of such documents (research articles, documentations, emails, etc.). Our knowledge server WebKB-2 su...