The terms ratio scale, apparently first introduced by Stevens (1946, 1951), and ratio scaling, apparently first introduced by Krantz (1972) but closely related to previous phrasing, denote different but interrelated things. Although Krantz was very clear on the matter,' the similarity of the terms seems to invite confusion and confounding. My goal here is to explicate some aspects of the differ...

In this paper asymptotic confidence intervals for the Sortino and Omega Ratio are proposed and analyzed. First the confidence intervals are derived under the strong assumption of temporal independence and identical distribution of the returns. Later they are obtained assuming that the process followed by returns is strictly stationary and α-mixing of a certain size. In order to evaluate the min...

There is evidence that the ratio of the length of the 2nd and 4th digit (2D:4D) is negatively related to prenatal and adult concentrations of testosterone. It has also been reported that high levels of testosterone at conception in both fathers and mothers are associated with an increased sex ratio (proportion of males at birth). It follows from these observations that low values of 2D:4D may b...

This research is motivated by differences in the results of previous studies regarding Effect Current Ratio (CR), Quick (QR), Debt To Asset (DAR), and Equity (DER) on Return On Assets (ROA) Companies Pharmaceutical Sub-Sector Listed Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2015-2019 Period. study aims to determine effect (ROA). uses several data analyzes, namely descriptive analysis, model selection test, ...

Odds ratio, risk ratio, and prevalence ratio are some of the measures of association which are often reported in research studies quantifying the relationship between an independent variable and the outcome of interest. There has been much debate on the issue of which measure is appropriate to report depending on the study design. However, the literature on selecting a particular category of th...

this study was designed to present and compare iranian hospitals` performance applying ratio analysis technique.this cross-sectional survey was conducted to present an instant image of 139 iranian hospitals` performance status applying ratio analysis as one of the non parametric technical efficiency assessment methods in 2008. data was collected using nine dimensional questionnaires supported b...

alcohol oxidation is an important reaction in organic syntheses. some of these reactions must beunder difficult conditions in respect of high temperature and pressure. in many cases, reactions areconducted by environmentally in appropriate solutions. in this study, preparing an effectivenanocatalyst and estimating the optimum provisions of its production processes are assessed. twomajor and cru...

Neurons in the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei are components of an interconnected brainstem, limbic and prefrontal cortex neural network that is engaged during arousal, vigilance, motivated and addictive behaviors, and stress. To better understand the cellular mechanisms underlying these functions, here we review some of the recently characterized electrophysiological and neuropharmac...