PURPOSE To assess the number of ophthalmologists in Brazil, their regional distribution, ophthalmologist/habitant ratio, and the relation between ophthalmologist and State Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita to aid public health policies. METHODS An ecologic study was conducted. Data were obtained from the "Census 2011 Brazilian Ophthalmology Council", from "Demographic Census of Brazilia...

The stability of macroeconomic variables and whether the impact a shock on these is permanent or temporary important for policy-makers researchers. As an indicator growth prosperity, gross domestic product (GDP) among variables. After all, due to advantages current panel data analysis techniques over conventional methods, it use aforementioned methods in analyzing existence unit-root GDP. Accor...

Background: A dramatic increase in healthcare expenditures is a major health policy concern worldwide. Understanding factors that underlie the growth in healthcare expenditures is essential to assist decision-makers in finding best policies to manage healthcare costs. We aimed to examine the determinants of healthcare spending in Iran over the periods of 1978-2011. Methods: A time series ana...

In order to study the problems of long-term and short-term interactional mechanism between scale evolution of higher education and economic growth in China, authors in this article are going to put forward the method of cointegration. Through selection of enrollment and actual GDP data per capita in China from 1972 to 2007, it is discovered from the empirical result that: (1) the log sequences ...

    In 2010, the World Bank categorized countries in per capita gross domestic product in terms of purchasing power parity (at constant 1990 prices) in three categories: low, middle (lower and upper) and high income. If a country caught at least 28 years in lower middle income level and at least 14 years caught in upper middle-income level, then they are trapped in lower middle and upper middle...

This paper analyzes qualitatively the impact of changes in the level and variability of the US dollar / EURO exchange rate on the real GDP growth rate and trade balance positions of three MENA countries, namely Egypt, Jordan and Morocco. First, the analytical framework is presented by developing explicit relationships between (1) output growth and the variability of the nominal exchange rate; (...

the ecological footprint is a useful tool that we can use it to inform the public about the pressure on ecology and the environment. also, by measuring it, policymakers can design and implement the necessary programs to help reduce that pressure. in order to measure the potential impact of future activities and policies of development programs on the environment, it is necessary to study the sh...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper was to examine the patterns of spending, price, and the utilization of ADHD medications during the 10-year period, from 1994 to 2003 among 4 different per capita GDP group countries. METHODS This study used the IMS Health database and included both branded and generic ADHD medications. We examined the changes in quantity and price as well as the mixed effec...