We theoretically investigate the effects of frequency detuning and injection power on the nonlinear dynamics of DFB lasers under dual external optical injection. Keywords—Optical injection, DFB laser, frequency detuning, injection power.

• We analyse procurement from suppliers with diseconomies of scale in production. Buyer can increase his surplus holding a split-award auction before setting price. Optimally leaves one supplier without lot and size is inefficiently large. All are active make positive profit. study how buyer unable to (directly) price discriminate should satisfy demand for divisible good, produced increasing ma...

The diseconomies of scale found in smallholders’ agricultural production is a common problem faced by global development. Notable examples regions which this occurs include Central and Eastern Europe, India, Brazil, China. Smallholders usually differ their demands for socialized services due to scattered farmland, various soil conditions, different selections crop varieties, diverse farming arr...