Caloric curves for sodium clusters with N=139 and 147 atoms show a fine structure near the solid-to-liquid transition. Neither of the two sizes exhibit surface melting. For N=139, diffusion of the surface vacancies is observed, which is not possible in the closed-shell N=147 cluster. A few kelvin above the peak in the heat capacity, N=139 is completely liquid. This is not the case for N=147. He...

We demonstrate a new method for measuring translational temperatures using degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM). We perform high-resolution measurements of DFWM spectra in both the forward (BoxCARS) and backward (phase-conjugate) phase-matching geometries on nitric oxide (NO) in a room-temperature gas cell. We analyze the spectra with a modified perturbation theory to extract the temperature from...

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Interstellar ice is believed to be a cradle of complex organic compounds, commonly found within icy comets and interstellar clouds, in association with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and subsequent warming. We found that UV-irradiated amorphous ices composed of H2O, CH3OH, and NH3 and of pure H2O behave like liquids over the temperature ranges of 65 to 150 kelvin and 50 to 140 kelvin, respectivel...

Conductivity measurements on double-stranded DNA molecules deposited by a combing process across a submicron slit between rhenium/carbon metallic contacts reveal conduction to be ohmic between room temperature and 1 kelvin. The resistance per molecule is less than 100 kilohm and varies weakly with temperature. Below the superconducting transition temperature (1 kelvin) of the contacts, proximit...

The viscoelastic deformation of tire rubber by road surface asperities was modeled by the rolling contact between a Kelvin solid and a surface motif, which is the part of surface profiles between two peaks. Stress and strain calculations showed that contact losses might occur locally, depending on the rolling speed, the viscoelastic properties of the Kelvin solid and the geometry of the motif. ...

At the Nevada Terawatt Facility we investigated the generation of a sheared plasma flow using conical wire arrays with an additional wire located on the axis of the pinch. The additional center wire generates axial current carrying plasma that serves as a target for the plasma accelerated from the outer wires, generating a sheared plasma flow which leads to the growth of the Kelvin-Helmholtz in...

The superconducting proximity effect in single-walled carbon nanotubes connected to niobium electrodes was controlled with the use of nearby gates that tune the niobium-nanotube transparency. At 4.2 kelvin, when the transparency was tuned to be high, a dip in the low-bias differential resistance was observed, indicating a proximity effect mediated by Andreev reflection. When the transparency wa...

Positive singular radial entire solutions of a biharmonic equation with subcritical exponent are obtained via the entire radial solutions of the equation with supercritical exponent and the Kelvin transformation. The expansions of such singular radial solutions at the singular point 0 are presented. Using these singular radial entire solutions, we construct solutions with a prescribed singular ...