The study sought to understand better how people come to believe they have been exposed to biological and chemical warfare. We conducted telephone interviews with 1,009 American veterans (65% response rate) deployed and not deployed to the Gulf War, a conflict during which there were credible threats that such warfare could be used. Only 6% of non-Gulf War veterans reported exposure to biologic...

By the 1990s, 9 of 10 people who died in war from direct and indirect effects were civilians. Bombs and weapons of modern war kill and maim civilian women in equal numbers to civilian men. A unique harm of war for women is the trauma inflicted in military brothels, rape camps, and the growing sex trafficking for prostitution and by increased domestic violence, all of which is fueled by the cult...

war and war-related concepts constitute a considerable portion of key words in political literature and strategic-security studies. apart from its theoretical significance, war is a palpable term for the individuals and political players. it is a serious threat to humanity that has been paid due attention in the course of history by the political philosophers, strategists and even ordinary peop...

Many U.S. Gulf War-era veterans complained of poor cognition following the war. This study assessed neuropsychological functioning in veterans 10 years after the war through objective tests. 2189 Gulf War-era veterans (1061 deployed, 1128 non-deployed) were examined at 1 of 16 U.S. Veterans Affairs medical centers. Outcomes included neuropsychological domains derived from factor analysis and in...

The Gulf War Illnesses story points at a particular public health problem of our time – how to convey complicated information to the public in an acceptable and understandable way. For public health, it is of crucial importance to present and communicate the truth, which always goes hand in hand with some degree of uncertainty. The responsibility of public health professionals and other physici...

Recently, new methods have been developed for estimating the current and recent changes in effective population sizes. Based on the methods, the effective population sizes of Korean populations were estimated using data from the Korean Association Resource (KARE) project. The overall changes in the population sizes of the total populations were similar to CHB (Han Chinese in Beijing, China) and...

BACKGROUND The colonial war that Portugal was involved in between 1961 and 1974 had a significant impact on veterans and their families. However, it is unclear what the consequences of this war are, in particular with regard to levels of childhood maltreatment (CM) in offspring. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to analyze the influences of fathers' war exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD...

Three experiments investigated the phenomenon of war contagion in the context of international relations, hypothesizing that past inter-(but not intra-) state war will facilitate future, unrelated interstate war. Americans showed stronger support for violent responses to new, unrelated interstate tensions after being reminded of an historical war between the U.S. and another state, as compared ...