The reconstruction of paleo wind directions for the Eifel region (Central Europe) during the period 40.3–12.9 ka BP S. Dietrich and K. Seelos Institute for Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany Received: 26 August 2009 – Accepted: 8 September 2009 – Published: 22 September 2009 Correspondence to: S. Dietrich ([email protected]) Published by Copernicus Publications on b...

Radio Doppler data from the Cassini spacecraft during its solar conjunction in June 2002 can be used to measure the bending of light by solar gravitation. In terms of the standard post-Newtonian parameter γ, we find that γ − 1 = (−1.3 ± 5.2) × 10, in agreement with the theory of General Relativity. This result implies that the parameter ω in the Brans-Dicke theory is greater than 9000 at a 95% ...

Measuring fitness progression using numeric quantification in an Evolutionary Computation (EC) system may not be sufficient to capture the rate of evolution precisely. In this paper, we define the rate of evolution Re in an EC system based on the rate of efficient genetic variations being accepted by the EC population. This definition is motivated by the measurement of “amino acid to synonymous...

The Quaternary is synonymous with extensive glaciation of Earth’s midand high-latitudes. Although there were local precursors, significant glaciation began in the latest Eocene (ca 35Ma) in eastern Antarctica. It was followed by glaciation in mountain areas through the Miocene (in Alaska, Greenland, Iceland and Patagonia), later in the Pliocene (e.g. in the Bolivian Andes and possibly in Tasman...

The toughness of a non-complete graph G is the minimum value of |S| ω(G−S) among all separating vertex sets S ⊂ V (G), where ω(G − S) > 2 is the number of components of G−S. It is well-known that every 3-connected planar graph has toughness greater than 1/2. Related to this property, every 3-connected planar graph has many good substructures, such as a spanning tree with maximum degree three, a...

On-going development of Ka-band capability for the Deep Space Networks (DSN) will radically increase the bandwidth available to support advanced mission concepts envisioned for future robotic as well as human exploration of Mars and beyond. While Ka-band links can operate at much higher data rate than X-band, they are much more susceptible to fluctuating weather conditions and manifest a signif...

The Born Inversions are a set of techniques for reconstructing the shape of a flaw based on the scattering of ultrasound from the flaw. One technique is the one-dimensional Born Inversion, which estimates the radius of a flaw in one direction based on one pulse-echo (i.e., backscattering) measurement in that direction. The robustness of this technique with respect to limitations on the availabl...

Early archaeological investigations on the Tibetan Plateau concluded that this harsh, high-elevation environment was successfully colonized around 30,000 years ago. Genetic studies have tended to support this view on the assumption that the uniquely evolved physiological capacities seen among modern Tibetan populations required long-term exposure to high-elevation selective pressures. Archaeolo...

Relict permafrost structures (ice-wedge casts and cryoturbation structures) are present in the Gobi of southern Mongolia. Luminescence dates of sediments are presented to constrain the age of formation of permafrost structures. These data show that there was a phase of permafrost development during the latter part of the Last Glacial (after about 22 to 15 ka) that resulted in cryoturbated sedim...