introduction: apical transportation changes the physical shape and physiologic environment of the root canal terminus. the aim of the present experimental study was to determine the extent of apical transportation after instrumentation with hand k-flexofile and k3 rotary instruments by means of cone-beam computed tomography (cbct). methods and materials: forty mesiobuccal root canals of maxilla...

In this article we introduce a collection of partial differential equations in the moduli of lattice polarized K3 surfaces whose algebraic solutions are the loci of K3 surfaces with lattice polarizations of higher rank. In the special case of rank 17 polarization such loci encode the well-known Humbert surfaces. The differential equations treated in the present article are directly derived from...

A number theoretic approach to string compactification is developed for CalabiYau hypersurfaces in arbitrary dimensions. The motivic strategy involved is illustrated by showing that the Hecke eigenforms derived from Galois group orbits of the holomorphic two-form of a particular type of K3 surfaces can be expressed in terms of modular forms constructed from the worldsheet theory. The process of...

We discuss the role of K3 surfaces in the context of Mercat’s conjecture in higher rank Brill–Noether theory. Using liftings of Koszul classes, we show that Mercat’s conjecture in rank 2 fails for any number of sections and for any gonality stratum along a Noether– Lefschetz divisor inside the locus of curves lying on K3 surfaces. Then we show that Mercat’s conjecture in rank 3 fails even for c...

The naive analogue of the Néron–Ogg–Shafarevich criterion is false for K3 surfaces, that is, there exist K3 surfaces over Henselian, discretely valued fields K, with unramified (resp. crystalline if K is padic) étale cohomology groups, but which do not admit good reduction over K. Assuming potential semi-stable reduction, we show how to correct this by proving that a K3 surface has good reducti...

Recently Gimon and Johnson [1] and Dabholkar and Park [2] have constructed Type I theories on K3 orbifolds. The spectra differ from that of Type I on a smooth K3, having extra tensors. We show that the orbifold theories cannot be blown up to smooth K3’s, but rather Z2 orbifold singularities always remain. Douglas’s recent proposal to use D-branes as probes is useful in understanding the geometr...

We prove that the gonality among the smooth curves in a complete linear system on a K3 surface is constant except for the Donagi-Morrison example. This was proved by Ciliberto and Pareschi [CP] under the additional condition that the linear system is ample. As a consequence we prove that exceptional curves on K3 surfaces satisfy the EisenbudLange-Martens-Schreyer conjecture [ELMS] and explicitl...

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). Most tumor cells in these malignancies are latently infected by KSHV. Thus, viral latency is critical for the development of tumor and induction of tumor-associated angiogenesis. KSHV encodes more than two dozens of miRNAs bu...

Kindlins are integrin-interacting proteins essential for integrin-mediated cell adhesiveness. In this study, we focused on the evolutionary origin and functional specialization of kindlins as a part of the evolutionary adaptation of cell adhesive machinery. Database searches revealed that many members of the integrin machinery (including talin and integrins) existed before kindlin emergence in ...