among factors causing disagreement of shiites and sunnis is commentatorial   hadiths. such hadiths are of great significance in the process of understanding as well as commenting on the quran–and even inferring juristic precepts. hence, attitude of muslims towards such   hadiths play a significant role in the process of formation of their beliefs and inferring islamic precepts. attitude of sunn...

There is no doubt, that the medical staff has often to face aggressive patients, their threats and event their violent physical attacks today. More frequently than ever they are faced with the necessity to think over and consider very carefully the way to defend against imminent or persistent attack on them. First, I would attempt to qualify patients' aggressive behaviour - from lesser acts, wh...

The recent history of Islamic finance is riddled with a number of paradoxes. First, there is a great rift between the economics literature on Islamic finance, and the practical approaches taken by financial experts and practitioners in the area. Second, despite two or more decades of rhetoric regarding the development of uniform standards for Islamic finance, the market remains largely segmente...

Certainly, pandemics have been one of the most appalling threats to human life throughout history. It is an historical fact that billions people died because contagious ailments. Presently, we are in 21st century which known for scientific and biomedical advancements. But unfortunately, also became victims a precarious pandemic named Covid-19. The interesting thing contemporary experts not able...

Unsurpassed in its ambition and historical scope, Max Weber‘s legal sociology centers around the four ―categories of legal thought‖ that follow from his distinction between formal and substantive modes of rationality and irrationality in the conduct of lawfinding and lawmaking activity. At the same time, Weber‘s general sociology is built around four ideal types of possible meaningful conduct b...

the iranian civil code is mostly influenced by juristic sources and french law. in the article 1234 of french civil code, a legal institution entitled “terminator condition” is included in the causes of discharge of an obligation. the article 264 of iranian civil code, which deals with description of causes of discharge of an obligation, corresponds to the article 1234 of french civil law. howe...

unmarried virgin adolescent girl or married, but this marriage hasn’t been consummated or sexual intercourse done in anus or her virginity is removed by non-copulation before maturity or after it, she is equal to maiden and guardianship on her will be arguable in two cases: financial affairs and matrimony. all jurisprudents (imamiyeh and sunni) have alliance about non-guardianship in financial ...

I was asked by ISNA to produce a short guide to Islamic Banking and Finance for the Muslims of North America. To keep this guide short, we had to define our target audience rather carefully. This introductory guide is meant to address the Muslim who is familiar with the fundamental tenets and sources of legislation in Islam. The reader is not assumed to have elaborate prior knowledge of Islamic...