Convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs) are atmospheric weather systems that propagate eastward along the equatorial wave guide with phase speeds between 11 and 14ms . They are an important constituent of the convective envelope of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), for which ocean-atmosphere interactions play a vital role. Hence, ocean-atmosphere interactions within CCKWs may be important ...

A common practice in the design of forecast models for ENSO is to couple ocean general circulation models to simple atmospheric models. Therefore, by construction these models (known as hybrid ENSO models) do not resolve various kinds of atmospheric variability [e.g., the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and westerly wind bursts] that are often regarded as “unwanted noise.” In this work the sens...

The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant form of the atmospheric intra-seasonal oscillation, manifested by slow eastward movement (about 5 m s−1) of tropical deep convection. This study investigates the MJO’s impact on equatorial tropospheric ozone (10 N–10 S) in satellite observations and chemical transport model (CTM) simulations. For the satellite observations, we analyze the Trop...

A minimal, nonlinear oscillator model is analyzed for the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) ‘‘skeleton’’ (i.e., its fundamental features on intraseasonal/planetary scales), which includes the following: (i) a slow eastward phase speed of roughly 5 m s, (ii) a peculiar dispersion relation with dv/dk ’ 0, and (iii) a horizontal quadrupole vortex structure. Originally proposed in recent work by the ...

The interaction between tropical clouds and radiation is studied in the context of weak temperature gradient approximation, using very low order systems (e.g., a two-column two-layer model) as zeroth-order approximation. Its criteria for instability are derived systems. Owing to connection (unstable fixed point) oscillation (limit cycle) physics (phase) space, suggest that leads atmospheric osc...

The impact of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) upon extreme rainfall in southern China was studied using the Real-time Multivariate MJO (RMM) index and daily precipitation data from high-resolution stations in China. The probability-distribution function (PDF) of November–March rainfall in southern China was found to be skewed toward larger (smaller) values in phases 2–3 (6–7) of MJO, during whi...

Hurricane and tropical storm statistics verify the modulation of eastern Pacific tropical systems by the Madden– Julian oscillation (MJO) as hypothesized by Maloney and Hartmann. Over twice as many named tropical systems (hurricanes and tropical storms) accompany equatorial 850-mb westerly anomalies than accompany equatorial easterly anomalies, and the systems that do exist are stronger. Hurric...

A stochastic barotropic model linearized about the 850-mb flow is used to investigate the relationship between wind variations associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and eddy kinetic energy variations in the Tropics. Such a model is successful in predicting the observed location of eddy kinetic energy maxima during the westerly phase of the MJO and the suppression of eddy activity ...

1. Introduction A number of studies have shown that the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) have a strong influence on the atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns in the Recent studies also suggest that the MJO-related tropical forcing is linked to precipitation events along the west coast of the United State during the winter season (Mo and Higgins 1998; Higgins et al. 2000). Dynamical ...

The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a planetary-scale weather system that creates 30–60 day oscillation in zonal winds and precipitation the tropics. Its envelope of enhanced rainfall forms over Indian Ocean moves slowly eastward before dissipating near Date Line. MJO modulates tropical cyclone (TC) genesis, intensity, landfall Indian, Pacific, Atlantic Oceans. This study examines mechanisms...