Both the European Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) Charter Union (CFR) include right to a fair trial by an independent impartial tribunal established law. The exact meaning phrase ‘an law’ has developed in case In this article, I analyse how Court Justice have these brief statements into more detailed criteria. approach is historical, that is, law develo...

The issuance of the latest Constitutional Court Law, Law Number 7 2020 on Third Amendment to 24 2003 Court, does not bring significant changes in mechanism for monitoring constitutional court justices and enforcement Code Ethics Conduct Justices. This paper aimed offer a more holistic means supervising judges. idea is triangle supervision consisting internal control individual judges, instituti...

The introduction of a formal debate was used to stimulate discussion of neuroscience in our graduate program. The debate had several advantages for encouraging student participation. Several students actively participated in the debate: four debaters and five judges. Faculty coaches helped provide background knowledge and guidance before the debate but were not debaters. Faculty directed the ju...

An objective definition of what a code clone is currently eludes the field. A small study was performed at an international workshop to elicit judgments and discussions from world experts regarding what characteristics define a code clone. Less than half of the clone candidates judged had 80% agreement amongst the judges. Judges appeared to differ primarily in their criteria for judgment rather...

The legislature gives effect to the values of democracy and compromise in a pluralist society, but the legislation it produces is mediated in its application by the values inherent in the legal culture into which it is received. The judges complete the law promulgated by Parliament by applying it. In articulating the common law also, the judges act within the bounds of objective standards suppl...

The authors investigated the evaluative consequences of sequential performance judgments. Recent social comparison research has suggested that performance judgments may be influenced by judgments about a preceding performance. Specifically, performance judgments may be assimilated to judgments of the preceding performance if judges focus on similarities between the two. If judges focus on diffe...