We consider the following two deterministic inventory optimization problems over a finite planning horizon T with non-stationary demands. • Submodular Joint Replenishment Problem. This involves multiple item types and a single retailer who faces demands. In each time step, any subset of item-types can be ordered incurring a joint ordering cost which is submodular. Moreover, items can be held in...

We deal with a multi-echelon inventory system in which one warehouse supplies an item to multiple retailers. Customer demand arrives at each retailer at a constant rate. The retailers replenish their inventories from the warehouse which in turn orders from an outside supplier. It is assumed that shortages are not allowed and lead times are negligible. These distribution/inventory systems are en...

Joint replenishment problem (JRP) is a common real problem which aims to minimize order cost and inventory holding cost. In this paper, classical, centralized and decentralized JRP models are discussed. An innovative heuristic to minimize the total cost is implemented for each model. This heuristic seeks to balance the order cost and the inventory holding costs. The results show that the innova...

This study explores the problem of optimally dynamic joint decisions: replenishment quantity, retail price and depletion time, in a vertically decentralized single-retailer and single-supplier supply chain over a dynamic multi-period planning horizon, subject to multivariate demand function and deteriorating goods with shortages allowed and with no consideration of fixed costs. This research us...

We study the joint inventory and sales effort management problems of a retailer in a broad context and investigate the optimal policies for a single item, periodic-review system. In each period, the demand is uncertain depending on the sales effort level exerted by the retailer, which incurs an associated cost. The retailer’s objective is to find a joint optimal inventory replenishment and sale...

Under basal conditions the action potential firing rate of adrenal chromaffin cells is lower than 0.5 Hz. The maintenance of the secretory response at such frequencies requires a continuous replenishment of releasable vesicles. However, the mechanism that allows such vesicle replenishment remains unclear. Here, using membrane capacitance measurements on mouse chromaffin cells, we studied the me...