Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) phase I manipulations and toxicity test with D. magna were conducted on leachates from an industrial waste landfill site in Japan. Physicochemical analysis detected heavy metals at concentrations insufficient to account for the observed acute toxicity. The graduated pH and aeration manipulations identified the prominent toxicity of ammonia. Based on join...

Q-Iearning is a reinforcement learning alg()rithm that learns expected utilities for stateaction transitions through successive interactions with the environment The algorithm '5 simplicity as well as its convergence properties have made it a popular algorithm for study However; its non-parametric representation of utilities limits its effectiveness in environments with large amounts of percept...

abstract background: patient education is among the lowest met need of patients in iran; therefore, expansion of that role can result in greater professional accountability. this study aimed to explain the practical science of the process, structure, and outcomes of a nurse‑led action research project to expand the nurses’ role in patient education in iran. materials and methods: this study was...

Non-verbal social interaction between humans requires accurate understanding of the others' actions. The cognitivist approach suggests that successful interaction depends on the creation of a shared representation of the task, where the pairing of perceptive and motor systems of partners allows inclusion of the other's goal into the overarching representation. Activity of the Mirror Neurons Sys...

Humans are frequently confronted with goal-directed tasks that can not be accomplished alone, or that benefit from co-operation with other agents. The relatively new field of social cognitive neuroscience seeks to characterize functional neuroanatomical systems either specifically or preferentially engaged during such joint-action tasks. Based on neuroimaging experiments conducted on critical c...