Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the Strong candidate for Transmission of high data rate due to Multicarrier Modulation. One of the challenging Issue of OFDM is its high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR or PAR). This Paper discusses different PAPR Reduction techniques in OFDM. The Classical Clipping, Selective Mapping, Tone reservation and Partial Transmit sequence T...

We report on three-dimensional optical trapping of single ions in a one-dimensional optical lattice formed by two counterpropagating laser beams. We characterize the trapping parameters of the standing-wave using the ion as a sensor stored in a hybrid trap consisting of a radio-frequency (rf), a dc, and the optical potential. When loading ions directly from the rf into the standing-wave trap, w...

Transmitter and receiver IQ imbalance causes image interference that degrades performance in high capacity and high spectral efficiency optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) schemes. Digital compensation is an attractive method to relax component specifications. In this paper we report the details of a hybrid compensation method for IQ imbalance compensation, comprising of o...

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi–channel modulation technique that makes use of Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) being modulated by a low bit rate digital stream. The main reason of using OFDM is because here the symbol detection is easy and also to increase the robustness against frequency selective fading and narrow band interference. Certain parameter like CF...

This paper presents a novel, robust technique to estimate timing and frequency offset in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system without the use of pilot signals. We first present an overview of an OFDM system for high-speed wireless data communications [1], including the particular parameters chosen for our design. We then describe some prior attempts to estimate timing and...

Editor—Airway exchange catheters (AECs) are commonly used in difficult airways management as a guide for re-intubation or ventilation when attached to a jet ventilator. However, barotrauma resulting in pneumothorax has been a major concern when using jet ventilation with AECs. – 4 The cause of these complications is often the excessive driving pressure with jet ventilation (15–50 psi) or airway...