Article history: Received 30 March 2013 Accepted 14 May 2013 Available online xxxx JEL classification: C02 C13 G14

The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. Start typing the Abstract here. JEL Classification Numbers: JEL no. here

Article history: Received 24 February 2010 Available online 5 March 2012 JEL classification: C73 D82 L14 J30

This introduces the symposium on financial economics. JEL Classification Codes: G01, G02, G11, G12, G18, G21, G23, G28

Article history: Received 10 June 2009 Revised 17 January 2013 Available online 9 February 2013 JEL classification: J2 E2 D5

Article history: Received 4 March 2010 Revised 5 September 2012 Available online 11 September 2012 JEL classification: E21 I38 D52

Article history: Received 11 November 2009 Available online 16 July 2010 JEL classification: C9 D02 D7 D8

Article history: Received 10 August 2011 Available online 13 April 2014 JEL classification: C72 C91 D62 D82 D83

Article history: Received 14 August 2008 Accepted 20 January 2009 Available online 7 February 2009 JEL classification: E42 E52 E63