This paper presents a two-player, psychological game-theoretic model of gift giving where emotions matter. Beliefs enter directly into players’ payoff functions. Surprise, disappointment, embarrassment and pride arise from comparing players’ beliefs about the gift they will give or receive to the actual choice of gift. Depending on beliefs and the cost of the gift, a gift-giving, a non-gift-giv...

The initially high performance of a socioeconomic organization is quite often subject to gradual erosion over time. We present a simple model which captures such a phenomenon. We assume that players are partly motivated by certain psychological factors, norms and morale, and they are willing to exert extra effort if others do so. This results in a ”continuum” of equilibrium effort levels, whose...

Psychological research documents that individuals are more likely to resort to superstitious practices when operating in environments dominated by uncertainty, high stakes, and perceived lack of control over the outcomes. Based on these findings, we suggest that the stock market represents an ideal breeding ground for superstition and then test whether superstition-induced behavior affects inve...

This paper examines the issue of coercive journal self citations and the practical usefulness of two recent journal performance metrics, namely the Eigenfactor score, which may be interpreted as measuring “Journal Influence”, and the Article Influence score, using the Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science (hereafter ISI) data for 2009 for the 200 most highly cited journals in each of the Sciences ...

When we take a cab we may feel cheated if the driver takes an unnecessarily long route despite the lack of a contract or promise to take the shortest possible path. Is our decision to take the cab affected by our belief that we may end up feeling cheated? Is the behavior of the driver affected by his beliefs about what we consider cheating? We address these questions in the context of a trust g...

Three phenomena—the disparity between the assumed and observed attributes of economic man, the link between nature and artifacts, and the use of computers as a source of knowledge––fascinated Herbert A. Simon. He built a new paradigm for each field—bounded rationality to deal with the disparity, the science of the artificial as its link to nature, and artificial intelligence for creation of kno...

Abstract BACKGROUND We recently reported favorable safety, promising clinical efficacy and immunohistochemical indicators of response after radiotherapy (RT) plus escalating doses the CXCL12-neutralizing RNA-Spiegelmer olaptesed pegol (NOX-A12) for glioblastoma in German multicenter phase 1/2 GLORIA trial (NCT04121455). Here, we report outcomes RT dual inhibition vasculogenesis angiogenesis (be...

Marine oil spill detection is vital for strengthening the emergency commands of accidents and repairing marine environment after a disaster. Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (Pol-SAR) can obtain abundant information targets by measuring their complex scattering matrices, which conducive to analyze interpret mechanism slicks, look-alikes, seawater realize extraction slicks. The polarimetric...

Purpose: To compare non-cycloplegic refraction measurements of two photoscreeners and the hand-held autorefractometer with cycloplegic in patients attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
 Meterials methods: This cross-sectional, comparative study consisted 53 children who were newly diagnosed ADHD. We compared spherical, cylindrical, cylindrical axis spherical equivalent (SE) Plus...