BACKGROUND Fascioliasis, caused by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, has medical and economic importance in the world. Molecular approaches comparing traditional methods using for identification and characterization of Fasciola spp. are precise and reliable. The aims of current study were molecular characterization of Fasciola spp. in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran and then comparative analys...

The genus Berchemia comprises important Chinese plants with considerable medicinal value; however, these plants are often misidentified in the herbal medicinal market. To differentiate the various morphotypes of Berchemia species, a proficient method employing the screening of universal DNA barcodes was used in this work. Three candidate barcoding loci, namely, psbA-trnH, rbcL, and the second i...

Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta are globally widespread zoonotic cestodes. Rodents are the main reservoir host of these cestodes. Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are the best known and most common rats, and usually live wherever humans live, especially in less than desirable hygiene conditions. Due to the little information of the 2 hymenolepidid species in brown rats in China, the aim...

The Asarum L. genus includes 128 species with a lot of medicinal effects and has been used extensively in the folk prescriptions for treatment several diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, rheumatism, hepatitis. In world, many researches showed that have kinds essential oils myristicin, methyl eugenol, myrcene, asafrol, borneol, safrol or α-pinene substances secquiterpenes, sterols, naringenin g...

Anopheles minimus (Theobald) is one of the most important vectors of human malaria in Southeast Asia. Morphological studies now have revealed five sibling species as its complex, designated as species A to E. The present study investigated the genetic divergence among An. minimus populations from four countries (Japan, China, Thailand and Indonesia), based on the DNA sequences data of the D3 (t...

ticks are important acarina that infest animals. they are obligatory blood sucker arthropods which economically impact cattle industry by reducing weight gain and production. moreover, they are important vectors of viral, bacterial, rickettsial and parasitic pathogens infecting humans and animals. in view of the importance of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum in pathogen transmission, including th...

objective: bacterial meningitis is a dangerous and sometimes fatal infection that affects the central nervous system. because some antibiotics can prevent some types of these bacteria and supress them from spreading and infecting, therefore it is important to know what type of virus or bacterium is causing meningitis. haemophilus influenzae and neisseria meningitides are the two main pathogens...