The Internet traffic stemming from overlay-based applications, e.g., Peer-to-Peer applications, increases rapidly with the increase of available bandwidth of end-nodes. For today's Telecommunication Service Providers (telco) and Internet Service Providers (ISP) the issue arising is: how to control and manage network traffic stemming from overlay-based applications. As the structure of overlays ...

This paper studies the efficient pricing of termination services for calls that are made to Internet service providers (ISPs). A model is presented in which an incumbent phone network is obligated to provide local calls at a regulated per-minute price while entrant carriers compete to terminate ISP-bound calls. This model is used to understand the problems of regulatory arbitrage that arise whe...

Sphingolipids are a family of eukaryotic lipids biosynthesized from sphingoid long-chain bases (LCBs). Sphingolipids are an essential class of lipids, as their depletion results in cell death. However, acute LCB supplementation is also toxic; thus, proper cellular LCB levels should be maintained. To characterize the "sphingolipid-signaling intercross," we performed a kinome screening assay in w...

BACKGROUND This study analyses the relationship between the incidence of idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax (ISP) and atmospheric pressure (AP). METHODS A total of 288 cases of ISP were included, 229 men and 59 women. The AP of the day of diagnosis, of the 3 prior days and the monthly average was registered. The association between the incidence of ISP and AP was analyzed by calculating stan...

An adjoint model for a 2D finite element Galerkin shallow water model is developed using the Independent Set Perturbation Adjoint method (ISP-Adjoint, [33]). Its performance in a full 4-D VAR setup with a limited area is assessed by comparing with the adjoint model derived by the automatic differentiation approach, where it is used for optimising the initial conditions. It is shown that ISP-Adj...

To quantify the interaction between epinephrine infusion and carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control of vascular capacity and resistance, we have simultaneously measured total systemic compliance, Ct, arterial compliance, Ca, changes in "unstressed vascular volume," AV0, and resistance, R, in nine dogs whose carotid sinuses were isolated and cardiac output fixed by a perfusion pump. In respon...

Large-scale simulation codes in science and engineering are written using the Message Passing Interface (MPI). Shared memory threads are widely used directly, or to implement higher level programming abstractions. Traditional debugging methods for MPI or thread programs are incapable of providing useful formal guarantees about coverage. They get bogged down in the sheer number of interleavings ...