Introduction: Tooth enamel is a tissue that undergoes high mineralization process but susceptible to acidic foods and drinks. Calcium phosphate are the main components of tooth enamel. Isotonic drinks soft people like because they can replace body fluids when dehydrated, these in acid content, which accelerates decay. Material methods. Laboratory experimental study (in vitro), sample 16 maxilla...

Gunnerson and colleagues [1] found in their retrospective study that critically ill patients with lactate acidosis had a higher mortality compared to patients with hyperchloremic acidosis, whose mortality was not significantly different from patients with no acidosis. Because of its iatrogenic etiology the authors commented that it is reassuring that hyperchloremic acidosis is not associated wi...

Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), differences in the excitability changes of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) between isometric (force task) and isotonic (movement task) muscle contractions in a distal (first dorsal interosseous; FDI) and a proximal (middle deltoid; MD) muscle were studied. In the FDI muscle, the active threshold of MEP recruitment was significantly lower in the isot...

INTRODUCTION Open fractures are widely considered as orthopaedic emergencies requiring immediate intervention. The initial management of these injuries usually affects the ultimate outcome because open fractures may be associated with significant morbidity. Wound irrigation forms one of the pivotal principles in the treatment of open fractures. The choice of irrigation fluid has since been a so...

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a characteristic feature of asthma. It has been proposed that an increase in the shortening velocity of airway smooth muscle (ASM) could contribute to AHR. To address this possibility, we tested whether an increase in the isotonic shortening velocity of ASM is associated with an increase in the rate and total amount of shortening when ASM is subjected to an o...

Muscle exercises are of two types—isotonic and isometric. Isotonic exercises such as walking, jogging, and running has proved beneficial in chronic diseases (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus) and is widely advocated by clinicians and practiced by patients. Symptoms may get aggravated in some of the diseased conditions such as bronchial asthma (BA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CO...