We observed the energetic binary Cygnus X-3 in both quiescent and flaring states between 4 and 16 μm using the ISO satellite. We find that the quiescent source shows the thermal free-free spectrum typical of a hot, fast stellar wind, such as from a massive helium star. The quiescent mass-loss rate due to a spherically symmetric, non-accelerating wind is found to be in the range (0.4–2.9)×10−4 M...

Methods of rapidly and accurately assessing the chemical stability of pharmaceutical dosage forms are reviewed with respect to the major degradation mechanisms generally observed in pharmaceutical development. Methods are discussed, with the appropriate caveats, for accelerated aging of liquid and solid dosage forms, including small and large molecule active pharmaceutical ingredients. In parti...

The in-plane (plane stress) fracture toughness of two polyester (PET, PETG) sheets were assessed using the essential work of fracture (EWF) method after thermal and hygrothermal aging performed just below glass temperature. This ensured that physical aging takes place. On the aged sheets the yield stress (σy), enthalpy relaxation (ΔH) and EWF parameters were determined. It was observed that the...

UNI EN ISO 7730 (1997), about thermal – hygrometry comfort, is based on a static model where occupants are considered as passive subjects in thermal exchange. In the last years adaptive models were developed, where occupant acts with environment, reducing individual reaction to environmental stimuli. None of the proposed adaptive models found a full confirmation, therefore a revised version of ...

Nanoindentation of cellulose diacetate-graft-poly(lactide)s (CDA-g-PLLAs) synthesized by ring opening graft copolymerization of L-lactide in bulk onto the residual hydroxyl positions on CDA were conducted to investigate the effect of the molecular composition and thermal aging on mechanical properties and creep behavior. Continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) technique was used to obtained hard...

ISO has provided us with a new perspective on gas temperatures in photodissociation regions through measurements of line emission from rotationallyexcited levels of H2. The H2 rotational level populations provide a thermal probe, showing that gas temperatures Tgas ≈ 500 − 1000K prevail in a portion of the PDR where significant H2 is present. Such high gas temperatures were unexpected. Theoretic...

This study investigates the applicability of User-DefinedFunctions (UDFs) for determination of thermal comfort indices for non-uniform environments. The demand for such an investigation derived from the need to evaluate thermal environments in aircraft cabins in a more comprehensive way. It is normal practice by Airbus to determine the initial layout of ventilation systems also on the basis of ...

Concentrator photovoltaic is an emergent technology that may be a good economical and efficient alternative for the generation of electricity at a competitive cost. However, the reliability of these new solar cells and systems is still an open issue due to the high-irradiation level they are subjected to as well as the electrical and thermal stresses that they are expected to endure. To evaluat...

BACKGROUND Resin composite cements are used in dentistry to bond ceramic restorations to the tooth structure. In the oral cavity these cements are subjected to aging induced by masticatory and thermal stresses. Thermal cycling between 5 and 55 °C simulates the effect of varying temperatures in vitro. Purpose of this study was to compare indirect tensile to compressive strength of different ceme...

Age significantly influences the detection thresholds to noxious heat; such thresholds depend on responses in the cerebral cortex to thermal stimuli and the psychophysical perception of such responses. To understand the influence of age on cerebral responses, we used contact heat-evoked potentials (CHEPs) to investigate the physiology of cerebral responses to thermal stimuli in 70 healthy subje...