The purpose of this empirical study is to analyze and compare the performance of Islamic and conventional banking in Pakistan and to find out which of the banking stream is performing better than other. For this study, sample of 22 conventional banks and 5 Islamic banks were selected. For in-depth understanding and sound comparison, key performance indicators were divided into external and inte...

Recently there has been a heightened global concern over ‘contagion’ in the conventional financial markets. Our study is motivated by the desire to test empirically whether this contagion is reflected in the fast growing Islamic financial markets as well. This study is the first attempt at testing whether there has been any contagion among the Shari’ah-compliant stock markets during the most re...

The purpose of this paper is to examine co-creation of non-economic values in Islamic banking services and their significance for service science by comparing Islamic and conventional banking services. Although many scholars have discussed co-creation of values in services, most of them have focused on only economic values. Following Sharia (Islamic principles that are based on Qur’an and Sunna...

We give an overview of the Theory of Relaxed Unification—a novel theory that extends the classical Theory of Unification. Classical unification requires a perfect agreement between the terms being unified. In practice, data is seldom error-free and can contain inconsistent information. Classical unification fails when the data is imperfect. We propose the Theory of Relaxed Unification as a new ...

F several centuries, the world, and particularly Europe has benefited from the great contributions brought about by Muslim physicians in the field of medicine. These contributions were not only based on technical skills but also on the role of eminent Muslim physicians in establishing medical ethics. Many prominent physicians of the Islamic civilization involved themselves with professional eth...

Whilst E-Commerce is spreading world-wide, many Muslims are wondering whether this new form of commerce is acceptable from the Syariah (Islamic Law) point of view. Thus, this research paper is meant to study the Islamic perspectives in e-commerce, particularly in its transaction, as well as the rights of the producers and customers. Issues on the legality of E-Commerce in Islam are examined to ...

Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have significant role in employment creation and growth of gross domestic products of developing country. In the case of Indonesia, SMEs account for more than 90 percents of all company and in employment [1]. However, in order to grow and contribute more significantly to the economy, SMEs face some constraints. One of the main constraints faced by SMEs is the lac...

Islam places the highest emphasis on ethical values in all aspects of human life. In Islam, ethics governs all aspects of life. Ethical norms and moral codes discernible from the verses of the Qur’an and the Hadith are numerous, far reaching and comprehensive. Islamic business ethics is essential for SME industry. The challenge of Islamic business ethics is to make that inevitable ethical decis...

3 A Meta-Logic for Unification 4 3.1 A First-Order Unification Logic with Quantifier Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2 Transformations for First-Order Unification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3 A Unification Logic for LF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.4 A Generalization of Lλ Unification to LF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....