introduction: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase-2 (nox2) is one of the predominant sources of ros production during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and can be induced by angiotensin ii. the evidence suggests that pharmacological blockers of renin-angiotensin system can exert direct tissue effects independent of their ability to regulate blood pressure. the mechanism(s)...

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) has been suggested as a therapeutic target for cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Until now, the molecular mechanism of BAY 60-2770, a sGC activator, in cardiac IR injury has not been assessed. To identify the cardioprotective effects of BAY 60-2770 in IR-injured rat hearts, IR injury was established by occlusion of LAD for 40 min and reperfusion for 7 day...

Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are small, lipid-soluble gaseous autacoids that modulate numerous physiological processes. Historically, both gases were considered highly noxious environmental hazards having well-defined modes of toxicity: CO binds avidly to hemoglobin reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the protein leading to tissue hypoxia while H2S is a potent mitochondr...

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an intrinsic phenomenon whereby 3~4 consecutive ischemia-reperfusion cycles to a remote tissue (noncardiac) increases the tolerance of the myocardium to sustained ischemiareperfusion induced injury. Remote ischemic preconditioning induces the local release of chemical mediators which activate the sensory nerve endings to convey signals to the brain. The...

Positive inotropic drugs may attenuate or exacerbate the deleterious effects of ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury on excitation-contraction coupling in hearts. We 1) quantified the phase-space relationship between simultaneously measured myoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) and isovolumetric left ventricular pressure (LVP) using indexes of loop area, orientation, and position; and 2) quant...

BACKGROUND The incidence and severity of football-related injuries has been found to differ strongly between professional leagues from different countries. The aims of this study were to record the incidence, type and severity of injuries in Kosovarian football players and investigate the relationship between injury incidence rates (IRs), players' age and playing positions. METHODS Players' a...

Forebrain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury causes neurological impairments due to decreased cerebral autoregulation, hypoperfusion, and edema in the hours days following restoration of spontaneous circulation. This study aimed examine protective and/or therapeutic effects cerebrolysin (CBL) managing forebrain IR any probable underlying mechanisms. To contribution reperfusion injury, we develope...

EVEN BEFORE the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) was known to be nitric oxide (NO), it was recognized that it could be inactivated by the radical superoxide (O2 · ) (16). Once the EDRF was identified as NO, the chemistry underlying this phenomenon was obvious. Both NO and O2 · are radicals, and rapidly react with one another to form the strong oxidant peroxynitrite, which ultimately d...

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) liver injury is associated with temporary clamping of hepatoduodenal ligament during liver surgery, hypoperfusion shock and graft failure after liver transplantation. Mechanisms of IR liver injury include: i) loss of calcium homeostasis, ii) reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, iii) changes in microcirculation, iv) Kupffer cell activation, and (v) complemen...

The interruption of tissue oxygenation – ischemia – is probably the most important problem associated with liver surgery [1,2]. This is especially true for patients with impaired liver function, such as liver cirrhosis or steatosis, where the effects of ischemic injury may be irreversible even if the duration of the interruption of blood flow is short. Paradoxically, the generation of reactive ...