Landfill leachates usually need to be treated before discharged, and using soil-plant systems for this has gained substantial interest in Sweden and in the UK. A three-year field study was conducted in central Sweden to quantify plant response, treatment efficiency and impact on groundwater quality of landfill leachate irrigation of short-rotation willow coppice (Salix). Two willow varieties we...

Waterlogging and salinization arise in arid areas largely because two essential resources, irrigation water and the assimilative capacity of unconfined aquifers, are not priced or allocated correctly to reflect scarcity values and opportunity costs. Farm-level and project-level models of crop production are examined to identify policies that will encourage farmers to consider opportunity costs ...

Background: To introduce the new-generation super-minipercutaneous (SMP) nephrolithotomy system and describe its application in practice. Methods: We described the technique of SMP in the treatment of renal stones with an emphasis on the devices, indications, technique procedure, advantages, and results. Results: The new-generation SMP endoscopic system consists of an 8 F super-mini nephroscope...

abstract in order to investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes on yield and yield components of three chickpea cultivars, an experiment was conducted during the 2007 growing season at mashhad. six irrigation regimes including i1= full irrigation, i2= irrigation at branching, i3= irrigation at flowering, i4= irrigation at pod formation, i5= irrigation at seed filling stage, and i6=...

in order to evaluate yield and yield components properties of cold-tolerant chickpea under winter sowing and complementary irrigation conditions, two experiments in the context of partial balanced block design with 81 chickpea genotypes and three replications were carried out. complementary irrigation was performed during growing season including irrigation immediately after sowing, 20 days aft...

Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation can save water while maintaining rice yields, but in some countries its adoption by farmers remains limited. Key knowledge gaps include the effect of AWD on early vegetative vigor and its relationship with yield; the effects of AWD on yield and water use efficiency of local cultivars used by smallholder farmers; and the socio-economic factors influe...

There is a need to optimize water-nitrogen (N) applications to increase seed cotton yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under a mulch drip irrigation system. This study evaluated the effects of four water regimes [moderate drip irrigation from the third-leaf to the boll-opening stage (W1), deficit drip irrigation from the third-leaf to the flowering stage and sufficient drip irrigation thereaf...

In current situations, quantitative and qualitative reduction of water resources has become global crisis. This subject has created many problems in Iran’s agriculture sector. In this research, effective factors on participation rate of farmers in Hashtgerd regarding optimum Utilization of irrigation networks are studied. The statistical population included all 1500 farmers in Hashtgerd city. A...

Turfgrass évapotranspiration. R. Tovey, J. S. Spencer and D. C. • Muckel. 1969. Agronomy Journal. 61:863-867. (from the University of Nevada, Reno, Ne v. 89507). The lysimeter technique was utilized to measure the rate of évapotranspi ra t ion from two types of turf grown on two different soil textures. The two types of turfgrass were (a) a cool season turf composed primarily of Kentucky bluegr...

Wheat growth in response to soil water deficit play an important role in yield stability. A field experiment was conducted for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during the period of 2002–2005 to evaluate the effects of limited irrigation on winter wheat growth. 80%, 70%, 60%, 50% and 40% of field capacity was applied at different stages of crop growth. Photosynthetic characteristics of winter...