PURPOSE We examined the face, content and construct validity of version 1.0 of the University of Washington transurethral prostate resection (TURP) trainer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Version 1.0 of a virtual reality based simulator for transurethral skills was developed at our laboratory by integrating TURP hardware with our virtual 3-dimensional anatomy, irrigation control, cutting, bleeding and...

OBJECTIVES MicroCT allows the complex canal network of teeth to be mapped but does not readily distinguish between structural tissue (dentine) and the debris generated during cleaning. The aim was to introduce a validated approach for identifying debris following routine instrumentation and disinfection. METHODS The mesial canals of 12 mandibular molars were instrumented, and irrigated with E...

INTRODUCTION Root canal irrigants play a significant role in the elimination of microorganisms, tissue dissolution, and the removal of debris and smear layer. No single solution is able to fulfill these actions completely; therefore, their association is required. The aim of this investigation was to review the antagonistic interactions occurring when sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine ...

During the cleaning and shaping of the root canal, various irrigants have been used to reduce the residual debris, necrotic tissue, and bacteria, as well as to remove smear layer. Though sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most common irrigant used in root canal treatment, chlorhexidine (CHX) has been suggested as either an alternative or an adjunct root canal irrigant because of its antimicrobi...

AIM To determine if the formation of para-chloroaniline (PCA) can be avoided by using an alternative irrigant following sodium hypochlorite but before chlorhexidine. METHODOLOGY Fifty-five single-rooted teeth were decoronated, instrumented to size 40, .06 taper whilst being irrigated with 14% ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and 6% NaOCl. Samples were then randomly divided into three...

As important passive flow control methods, dimples and protrusions have been successfully implemented via geometric modifications to manipulate flow fields to get a desired flow parameters enhancement. In this research, two novel needles were proposed based on a prototype by means of the dimple and protrusion, and flow patterns within a root canal during final irrigation with these needles were...

AIM To compare the results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of the irrigant flow within a prepared root canal, during final irrigation with a syringe and a needle, with experimental high-speed visualizations and theoretical calculations of an identical geometry and to evaluate the effect of off-centre positioning of the needle inside the root canal. METHODOLOGY A CFD model w...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of urushiol against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) to that of NaOCl. MATERIALS AND METHODS The canals of thirty two single rooted human teeth were instrumented with Ni-Ti files (ProTaper Next X1, X2, X3, Dentsply). A pure culture of E. faecalis ATCC 19433 was prepared in sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) brot...

introduction: the purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the apical microleakage of ah26 sealer when three different root canal irrigant regimens were used. materials and methods: eighty single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into three experimental (n=20) and two control groups (n=10). naocl was used as irrigant during instrumentation, and apical patency was ensured in all teeth...