In this paper we present a model and solution procedures of the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) encountered in vending machine supply chains working under vendor-managed inventory (VMI) scheme. The new IRP model is built based on the existing Periodic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time-windows (PVRPTW). The model will be referred to as the Integrated Inventory and Periodic Vehicle Routing Proble...

Achalasia is characterized by loss of coordinated esophageal peristalsis and failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to completely relax. High resolution manometry distinguishes three subtypes [1, 2]. The Eckardt score evaluates clinical symptoms, but not quality of life [3]. The treatment aim is to decrease the LES pressure and the integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), in order to impr...

Stocks of the International Reference Preparation (IRP) for thromboplastin, human, plain, coded BCT/253 and held by the World Health Organization (WHO) are nearly exhausted and must be replaced. For practical reasons the choice of the replacement candidate was restricted to two available human recombinant preparations which were coded as X/95 and Y/95 and calibrated in an international collabor...

Wolf for assistance with the manuscript and colleagues at IRP for helpful comments. Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the sponsoring institutions.

Most of the pollution issues created in power systems are due to the non-linear characteristics and fast switching of power electronic equipment. Power quality issues are becoming stronger because sensitive equipment will be more sensitive for market competition reasons, equipment will continue polluting the system more and more due to cost increase caused by the built-in compensation and somet...

SETTING States of Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Rajasthan, and Chennai (capital of Tamil Nadu State), India. OBJECTIVE To assess the availability, price and affordability of beclomethasone and salbutamol inhalers in five Indian states using a standardised methodology. DESIGN Data on the availability and price of two essential medicines for asthma, beclomethasone (50 microg/dose) and s...

The ferritin IRE, a highly conserved (96-99% in vertebrates) mRNA translation regulatory element in animal mRNA, was studied by molecular modeling (using MC-SYM and DOCKING) and by NMR spectroscopy. Cobalt(III) hexammine was used to model hydrated Mg2+. IRE isoforms in other mRNAs regulate mRNA translation or stability; all IREs bind IRPs (iron regulatory proteins). A G.C base pair, conserved i...

Impairment in beta-cell exocytosis is associated with reduced insulin secretion and diabetes. Here we aimed to investigate the dynamics of Ca2+-dependent insulin exocytosis with respect to pool depletion and Ca2+-current inactivation. We studied exocytosis, measured as increase in membrane capacitance (ΔCm), as a function of calcium entry (Q) in insulin secreting INS-1 832/13 cells using patch ...

Inventory routing problems (IRP) are among important tools to be used for implementing vendor manage inventory. Many researchers try develop methods solving inventory problem, however, only a few developed spoilage items. In reality, many items deteriorated and spoiled during transportation storage period. this paper, we model solve the problem deteriorating with dynamic demand rate, i.e., vari...