OBJECTIVE To assess the extent and pattern of misclassification of death from non-specific diagnoses emanating from the Iranian death registration system, and to correct the data for health policy and planning. METHODS Detailed medical records for 1426 hospital deaths classified to seven ill-defined or vague causes of death were reviewed by trained physicians, who then completed standard deat...

The urban planning is one of important public policy that government regulates the spatial resources, instructs the city and countryside development and construction, maintains social justice, safeguards public security and public benefit. It has an important position in the urban construction and development. This paper researches the construction of technical system in urban planning manageme...

Abstract Context Evidence-based knowledge is crucial for place-based production and learning towards sustainable landscapes through stewardship integrated spatial planning. Objectives We focus on the landscape service concept as a tool, three fundamental challenges its use: (1) how to monitor benefits provided by different landscapes; (2) demonstrate trade-offs synergies among in landscape; (3)...

The neighborhood has had a long history in Iranian urbanization. Since urban plans wereintroduced by the authorities to shape urban development in Iran half a century ago, the concept of Iranian traditional neighborhood has been neglected gradually. The concept of neighborhood has not found the appropriate status in urban design and planning yet. One of the main reasons is that academics, profe...

Urban planning is an activity for optimal land usage organisation design according to a number of functional criteria. Making decision in urban planning depends on various factors including environment characteristics, desired aim, present infrastructure, buildings and previously made decisions. Urban planning relies on knowledge of human experts in various areas and also on huge volumes of dat...