The anti-inflammatory properties of inhaled formoterol and ipratropium bromide, alone or in combination, were investigated in a rat model of chronic pulmonary inflammation with airspace enlargement induced by cadmium inhalation. At the end of the protocol, cadmium-induced increase of airway resistance was prevented by formoterol (4 mg/30 ml) or ipratropium (0.20 mg/20 ml). Formoterol elicited a...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious public health problem, due largely to cigarette smoking. COPD is now the fourth-leading cause of death in the United States; more than half of patients with COPD die within 10 years of diagnosis.1 COPD is a progressive disease. Mortality rates are related to level of airway obstruction, and a decline in progressive loss of lung function ...

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and its treatment is critical to improve quality of life, reduce symptoms, and diminish the frequency of COPD exacerbations. Due to the harmful environmental effects of pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), newer systems for delivering respiratory medica...

We describe two cases of a unilateral fixed dilated pupil secondary to the ocular instillation of nebulised ipratropium bromide. In one patient there was no other neurological abnormality. The second patient was unconscious following a cardiac arrest. While a fixed dilated pupil is an alarming sign, if it is caused by ocular instillation of ipratropium bromide the condition will resolve, althou...

OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency of aerosol pentamidine-induced bronchoconstriction, its relationship to non-specific airway responsiveness, and its response to preventive therapy using salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, or sodium cromoglycate. METHODS Consecutive HIV-infected individuals starting prophylactic AP were eligible if they had not been previously treated with this agent. Simple s...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of bronchodilator treatment given continuously versus on demand on the progression of asthma and chronic bronchitis and to compare the long term effects of a beta 2 adrenergic drug (salbutamol) and an anticholinergic drug (ipratropium bromide). DESIGN Two year randomised controlled prospective 'crossover' study in which patients were assigned to one of two para...

BACKGROUND Concerns exist regarding increased risk for mortality associated with some chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) medications. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between various respiratory medications and risk for death in veterans with newly diagnosed COPD. DESIGN Nested case-control study in a cohort identified between 1 October 1999 and 30 September 2003 and followed ...